{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312140771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","title":"Confounders mediate AI prediction of demographics in medical imaging","display_name":"Confounders mediate AI prediction of demographics in medical imaging","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312140771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36550271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00720-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00720-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028179664","display_name":"Grant Duffy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141674","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/041vn2102","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210141674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grant Duffy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141674","https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082565112","display_name":"Shoa L. Clarke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6592-1172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoa L. Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058490658","display_name":"Matthew Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9582-9391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141674","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/041vn2102","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210141674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141674","https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002985172","display_name":"Bryan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-761X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055685745","display_name":"Neal Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5782-7437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315708478","display_name":"San Francisco VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/049peqw80","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315708478","https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210125474","https://openalex.org/I4210143381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neal Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315708478","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025695986","display_name":"Susan Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141674","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/041vn2102","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210141674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141674","https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083779857","display_name":"David Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3813-7518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141674","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/041vn2102","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210141674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. David.Ouyang@cshs.org","Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. David.Ouyang@cshs.org","Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. David.Ouyang@cshs.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. David.Ouyang@cshs.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083779857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210141674"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":2.6903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90717169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"188","last_page":"188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12296","display_name":"Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11296","display_name":"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts","score":0.9474999904632568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.8709585070610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographics","display_name":"Demographics","score":0.6069344282150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5998628735542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.5919870138168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4996490478515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4425661563873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.4101375937461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36944103240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.233688086271286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.18370214104652405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.8709585070610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780084366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demographics","level":2,"score":0.6069344282150269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5998628735542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5919870138168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4996490478515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4425661563873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4101375937461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36944103240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.233688086271286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18370214104652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00720-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36550271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36550271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:ark:/13030/qt4f2580q3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a52be768e6d41c4aceb864bd324c729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a52be768e6d41c4aceb864bd324c729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt4f2580q3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4f2580q3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, vol 5, iss 1","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9780355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9780355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00720-8","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00720-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1647061543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U54 AG065141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2401033971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4150641681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HL077477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4788031056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"K99 HL157421-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6461299051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-HL131532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7637308382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01HL134168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8293452648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIH K99","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312140771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312140771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001991332","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2162217713","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2752747624","https://openalex.org/W2883147591","https://openalex.org/W2970154784","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2986261891","https://openalex.org/W3002705197","https://openalex.org/W3013692475","https://openalex.org/W3035885149","https://openalex.org/W3046443725","https://openalex.org/W3110181119","https://openalex.org/W3111105858","https://openalex.org/W3112942540","https://openalex.org/W3121044953","https://openalex.org/W3137360389","https://openalex.org/W3143784018","https://openalex.org/W3165710866","https://openalex.org/W3174416962","https://openalex.org/W3184845774","https://openalex.org/W3206950749","https://openalex.org/W4205164650","https://openalex.org/W4210537165","https://openalex.org/W4210786713","https://openalex.org/W4213350146","https://openalex.org/W4225842670","https://openalex.org/W4297243326","https://openalex.org/W6639102338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121380072","https://openalex.org/W2058403539","https://openalex.org/W2994176440","https://openalex.org/W2942793592","https://openalex.org/W2602311653","https://openalex.org/W2333615638","https://openalex.org/W2964230772","https://openalex.org/W2768231286","https://openalex.org/W2481749367","https://openalex.org/W2510575233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,43,86],"has":[2],"been":[3],"shown":[4],"to":[5,31,76,90,97,139,167,212,224,238],"accurately":[6],"assess":[7,46],"\"hidden\"":[8],"phenotypes":[9],"from":[10,21,37,59,66,137,165,204],"medical":[11,233],"imaging":[12,216],"beyond":[13],"traditional":[14],"clinician":[15],"interpretation.":[16],"Using":[17,53],"large":[18],"echocardiography":[19],"datasets":[20],"two":[22],"healthcare":[23],"systems,":[24],"we":[25,70,144],"test":[26],"whether":[27],"it":[28,236],"is":[29],"possible":[30],"predict":[32,77,99],"age,":[33,78],"race,":[34,143],"and":[35,45,63,80,93,132,171,189,223,242],"sex":[36,111,170],"cardiac":[38],"ultrasound":[39],"images":[40],"using":[41],"deep":[42,85],"algorithms":[44],"the":[47,107,148,157,183,214,227],"impact":[48],"of":[49,56,115,126,150,187,196,229],"varying":[50],"confounding":[51,103,151,205],"variables.":[52],"a":[54,122],"total":[55],"433,469":[57],"videos":[58,65],"Cedars-Sinai":[60],"Medical":[61,68],"Center":[62],"99,909":[64],"Stanford":[67],"Center,":[69],"trained":[71],"video-based":[72],"convolutional":[73],"neural":[74],"networks":[75],"sex,":[79,94],"race.":[81,100],"We":[82],"found":[83],"that":[84,146,218],"models":[87],"were":[88],"able":[89],"identify":[91,213],"age":[92,120,172],"while":[95,169],"unable":[96],"reliably":[98],"Without":[101],"considering":[102],"differences":[104],"between":[105],"categories,":[106],"AI":[108,234],"model":[109,162],"predicted":[110],"with":[112,121,134,220],"an":[113],"AUC":[114,163,186],"0.85":[116],"(95%":[117,129],"CI":[118,130],"0.84-0.86),":[119],"mean":[123],"absolute":[124],"error":[125],"9.12":[127],"years":[128],"9.00-9.25),":[131],"race":[133,180,201],"AUCs":[135],"ranging":[136],"0.63":[138],"0.71.":[140],"When":[141],"predicting":[142,200],"show":[145],"tuning":[147],"proportion":[149,181,195],"variables":[152],"(age":[153],"or":[154],"sex)":[155],"in":[156,182,232],"training":[158,184],"data":[159],"significantly":[160],"impacts":[161],"(ranging":[164],"0.53":[166],"0.85),":[168],"prediction":[173],"was":[174],"not":[175],"particularly":[176],"impacted":[177],"by":[178],"adjusting":[179],"dataset":[185],"0.81-0.83":[188],"0.80-0.84,":[190],"respectively.":[191],"This":[192],"suggests":[193],"significant":[194],"AI's":[197],"performance":[198],"on":[199],"could":[202],"come":[203],"features":[206,217],"being":[207],"detected.":[208],"Further":[209],"work":[210],"remains":[211],"particular":[215],"associate":[219],"demographic":[221,230],"information":[222],"better":[225],"understand":[226],"risks":[228],"identification":[231],"as":[235],"pertains":[237],"potentially":[239],"perpetuating":[240],"bias":[241],"disparities.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}