{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309563912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","title":"Improving the repeatability of deep learning models with Monte Carlo dropout","display_name":"Improving the repeatability of deep learning models with Monte Carlo dropout","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309563912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36400939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00709-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00709-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045086297","display_name":"Andr\u00e9anne Lemay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8581-2929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreanne Lemay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA","NeuroPoly, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuroPoly, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060793983","display_name":"Katharina Hoebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-7065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Hoebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079669314","display_name":"Christopher P. Bridge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2242-351X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher P. Bridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["MGH & BWH Center for Clinical Data Science, Boston, MA, USA","Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MGH & BWH Center for Clinical Data Science, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044173766","display_name":"Brian Befano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3614-210X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Befano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005550476","display_name":"S\u00edlvia de Sanjos\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5909-676X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia De Sanjos\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040414468","display_name":"Didem Egemen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-4585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Didem Egemen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025470510","display_name":"Ana Cecilia Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9866-2106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Cecilia Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059951020","display_name":"Mark Schiffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4625-2508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012607","display_name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkwep27","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Schiffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4391012607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033034428","display_name":"J. Peter Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-9475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165690674","display_name":"Oregon Health & Science University","ror":"https://ror.org/009avj582","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Peter Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165690674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039535916","display_name":"Jayashree Kalpathy\u2013Cramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-9618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA. kalpathy@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu","Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA. kalpathy@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045086297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":10.1086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.989437,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"174","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.8299615383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.7735803723335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.5370503664016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4513281583786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42086201906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4018799066543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.26868876814842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16085433959960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13528427481651306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.8299615383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.7735803723335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.5370503664016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4513281583786011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42086201906204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4018799066543579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26868876814842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16085433959960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13528427481651306}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00709-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36400939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36400939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d201db3d55dc4827b2c9d94495d6e5ca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d201db3d55dc4827b2c9d94495d6e5ca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:52131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/52131/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article de revue"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9674698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9674698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00709-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00709-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1679865357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Mitacs","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G272087892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32CA09168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3209004818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32CA09168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3921219751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY10572","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6599034472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30 EY10572","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8549371766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01 HD107493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8722294186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 EY031883","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","funder_display_name":"Genentech"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00k86s890"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306811","display_name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","ror":"https://ror.org/04drjs621"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313979","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322675","display_name":"Mitacs","ror":"https://ror.org/00cjrc276"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332193","display_name":"Genentech","ror":"https://ror.org/04gndp242"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309563912.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309563912.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1921212788","https://openalex.org/W1967057044","https://openalex.org/W2086543716","https://openalex.org/W2125449863","https://openalex.org/W2128186735","https://openalex.org/W2137839901","https://openalex.org/W2140513563","https://openalex.org/W2159759971","https://openalex.org/W2166705503","https://openalex.org/W2167431761","https://openalex.org/W2167598647","https://openalex.org/W2302752317","https://openalex.org/W2338036999","https://openalex.org/W2425036628","https://openalex.org/W2473669542","https://openalex.org/W2507467374","https://openalex.org/W2579617530","https://openalex.org/W2615077572","https://openalex.org/W2800012666","https://openalex.org/W2806853752","https://openalex.org/W2891154157","https://openalex.org/W2897490102","https://openalex.org/W2901954625","https://openalex.org/W2908716024","https://openalex.org/W2911188335","https://openalex.org/W2951965145","https://openalex.org/W2963202012","https://openalex.org/W2963883833","https://openalex.org/W2966948188","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2981994710","https://openalex.org/W2991330623","https://openalex.org/W2993250673","https://openalex.org/W2997504317","https://openalex.org/W3010911449","https://openalex.org/W3014080415","https://openalex.org/W3022143870","https://openalex.org/W3037505008","https://openalex.org/W3045247358","https://openalex.org/W3046605870","https://openalex.org/W3090300247","https://openalex.org/W3092575722","https://openalex.org/W3094909017","https://openalex.org/W3097760447","https://openalex.org/W3098509689","https://openalex.org/W3107770003","https://openalex.org/W3148465273","https://openalex.org/W3203428647","https://openalex.org/W4245325507","https://openalex.org/W4307715223","https://openalex.org/W6925442604","https://openalex.org/W6949899939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W4323565446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,215],"integration":[1],"of":[2,18,71,86,138,155,197,201,207,267],"artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"into":[5],"clinical":[6,77],"workflows":[7],"requires":[8],"reliable":[9],"and":[10,45,52,96,125,136,143,147,167,189,206],"robust":[11],"models.":[12],"Repeatability":[13,140],"is":[14,56,64,141,237],"a":[15],"key":[16],"attribute":[17],"model":[19,50,62,88],"robustness.":[20],"Ideal":[21],"repeatable":[22],"models":[23,72,191],"output":[24,259],"predictions":[25,160,172,252],"without":[26],"variation":[27],"during":[28,107],"independent":[29],"tests":[30],"carried":[31],"out":[32],"under":[33],"similar":[34],"conditions.":[35],"However,":[36],"slight":[37],"variations,":[38],"though":[39],"not":[40],"ideal,":[41],"may":[42],"be":[43],"unavoidable":[44],"acceptable":[46],"in":[47,76,176,219,241],"practice.":[48,78],"During":[49],"development":[51,70],"evaluation,":[53],"much":[54],"attention":[55],"given":[57],"to":[58,68,193,245,258],"classification":[59,121,165,216],"performance":[60,116,166],"while":[61],"repeatability":[63,85],"rarely":[65],"assessed,":[66],"leading":[67,192],"the":[69,84,104,108,113,153,179,186,198,208,224,246,264],"that":[73,100,229],"are":[74,253],"unusable":[75],"In":[79,243],"this":[80],"work,":[81],"we":[82,151],"evaluate":[83],"four":[87,118],"types":[89],"(binary":[90],"classification,":[91,93,95],"multi-class":[92],"ordinal":[94,190],"regression)":[97],"on":[98,117,145,164,185],"images":[99],"were":[101],"acquired":[102],"from":[103,123],"same":[105,109],"patient":[106],"visit.":[110],"We":[111],"study":[112],"each":[114],"model's":[115],"medical":[119],"image":[120],"tasks":[122,184],"public":[124],"private":[126],"datasets:":[127],"knee":[128],"osteoarthritis,":[129],"cervical":[130],"cancer":[131],"screening,":[132],"breast":[133],"density":[134],"estimation,":[135],"retinopathy":[137],"prematurity.":[139],"measured":[142],"compared":[144],"ResNet":[146],"DenseNet":[148],"architectures.":[149],"Moreover,":[150],"assess":[152],"impact":[154],"sampling":[156],"Monte":[157,170,233,250],"Carlo":[158,171,234,251],"dropout":[159],"at":[161,178],"test":[162],"time":[163],"repeatability.":[168,225,242],"Leveraging":[169],"significantly":[173],"increases":[174],"repeatability,":[175],"particular":[177],"class":[180,209],"boundaries,":[181],"for":[182],"all":[183],"binary,":[187],"multi-class,":[188],"an":[194],"average":[195],"reduction":[196],"95%":[199],"limits":[200],"agreement":[202],"by":[203,212],"16%":[204],"points":[205],"disagreement":[210],"rate":[211],"7%":[213],"points.":[214],"accuracy":[217],"improves":[218],"most":[220],"settings":[221],"along":[222],"with":[223],"Our":[226],"results":[227],"suggest":[228],"beyond":[230],"about":[231],"20":[232],"iterations,":[235],"there":[236],"no":[238],"further":[239],"gain":[240],"addition":[244],"higher":[247],"test-retest":[248],"agreement,":[249],"better":[254],"calibrated":[255],"which":[256],"leads":[257],"probabilities":[260],"reflecting":[261],"more":[262],"accurately":[263],"true":[265],"likelihood":[266],"being":[268],"correctly":[269],"classified.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}