{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4294251747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","title":"A method for intelligent allocation of diagnostic testing by leveraging data from commercial wearable devices: a case study on COVID-19","display_name":"A method for intelligent allocation of diagnostic testing by leveraging data from commercial wearable devices: a case study on COVID-19","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4294251747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36050372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00672-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00672-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031102176","display_name":"Md Mobashir Hasan Shandhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9541-529X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Mobashir Hasan Shandhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9541-529X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087734578","display_name":"Peter Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-652X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-652X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087302911","display_name":"Ali R. Roghanizad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali R. Roghanizad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029749484","display_name":"Karnika Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-2090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karnika Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1181-2090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001043021","display_name":"Will Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009677333","display_name":"Oana M. Enache","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-0058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oana M. Enache","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-0058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068452163","display_name":"Amanda Stern","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029787979","display_name":"Rami Sbahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-5894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami Sbahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-5894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059605129","display_name":"Bilge Tatar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilge Tatar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085357807","display_name":"Sean Fiscus","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Fiscus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043931941","display_name":"Qi Xuan Khoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Xuan Khoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071452682","display_name":"Yvonne Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yvonne Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341550","display_name":"Xiaoxia L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2100-4601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047075724","display_name":"Joseph Hsieh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Hsieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076049671","display_name":"Alena Kalodzitsa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alena Kalodzitsa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039067401","display_name":"Amir Bahmani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Bahmani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4533-9334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021668273","display_name":"Arash Alavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-6889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Alavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-6889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027889312","display_name":"Utsab Ray","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Utsab Ray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024120181","display_name":"M Snyder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-7987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Snyder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-7987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033033452","display_name":"Geoffrey S. Ginsburg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4739-9808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey S. Ginsburg","raw_affiliation_strings":["All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4739-9808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"All of Us Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007300429","display_name":"Dana K. Pasquale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-7844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana K. Pasquale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, USA","Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-7844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007833163","display_name":"Christopher W. Woods","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-2453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139568","display_name":"Durham VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/034adnw64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210119589","https://openalex.org/I4210139568","https://openalex.org/I4210159720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153043","display_name":"Duke University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04bct7p84","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876","https://openalex.org/I4210144876","https://openalex.org/I4210153043"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher W. Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, USA","Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139568"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139568"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153043","https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003038228","display_name":"Ryan J. Shaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6800-6503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088741","display_name":"Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/009ywjj88","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088741"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan J. Shaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke Mobile App Gateway, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, USA","Duke Mobile App Gateway, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Mobile App Gateway, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210088741"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke Mobile App Gateway, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005786784","display_name":"Jessilyn Dunn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3241-8183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessilyn P. Dunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. jessilyn.dunn@duke.edu","Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. jessilyn.dunn@duke.edu","Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3241-8183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. jessilyn.dunn@duke.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. jessilyn.dunn@duke.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":24,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005786784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":3.9364,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95263237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"130","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.6630078554153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6390061974525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.5135457515716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","score":0.4669885039329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4650735855102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-test","display_name":"Diagnostic test","score":0.457985520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.44550809264183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.44011908769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.43784040212631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3510483503341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3454187512397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3404046893119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medicine","display_name":"Emergency medicine","score":0.22189953923225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.1817772388458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.16615071892738342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16045904159545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.15403378009796143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.6630078554153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6390061974525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.5135457515716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.4669885039329529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4650735855102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82157600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic test","level":2,"score":0.457985520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.44550809264183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44011908769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.43784040212631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3510483503341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3454187512397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3404046893119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.22189953923225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1817772388458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16615071892738342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16045904159545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.15403378009796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00672-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36050372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36050372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d71dce3bef84ace8313c62d5b632734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d71dce3bef84ace8313c62d5b632734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9434073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9434073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00672-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-022-00672-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2428562773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR002553","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2537191811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R25HD079352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3216893257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BAA 75D301-20-R-68024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","funder_display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4747425745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R25HD079352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","funder_display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308571","display_name":"North Carolina Biotechnology Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03hj4jr80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337611","display_name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","ror":"https://ror.org/04byxyr05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294251747.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4294251747.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966716734","https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1983075605","https://openalex.org/W2093274439","https://openalex.org/W2141007997","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2177870565","https://openalex.org/W2507380695","https://openalex.org/W2575460524","https://openalex.org/W2782059439","https://openalex.org/W2947888826","https://openalex.org/W2995098893","https://openalex.org/W2999317412","https://openalex.org/W3015507349","https://openalex.org/W3025391403","https://openalex.org/W3025818509","https://openalex.org/W3040264860","https://openalex.org/W3095708005","https://openalex.org/W3104096625","https://openalex.org/W3107314542","https://openalex.org/W3110689439","https://openalex.org/W3113087560","https://openalex.org/W3177517427","https://openalex.org/W3185642830","https://openalex.org/W3189408477","https://openalex.org/W3204801709","https://openalex.org/W3206356109","https://openalex.org/W3209136896","https://openalex.org/W3215572702","https://openalex.org/W4200549552","https://openalex.org/W4214931945","https://openalex.org/W4220835568","https://openalex.org/W4225910671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385649027","https://openalex.org/W2050560466","https://openalex.org/W2415514194","https://openalex.org/W2523394474","https://openalex.org/W2841134148","https://openalex.org/W4281964270","https://openalex.org/W2029645973","https://openalex.org/W2112342754","https://openalex.org/W3169249739","https://openalex.org/W4206218407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mass":[0],"surveillance":[1,50,54,77],"testing":[2,55,69,348],"can":[3],"help":[4],"control":[5],"outbreaks":[6],"of":[7,30,88,121,152,174,225,346,354],"infectious":[8],"diseases":[9,36],"such":[10],"as":[11,180,182],"COVID-19.":[12,127],"However,":[13],"diagnostic":[14,154,190,347],"test":[15,255,313,355],"shortages":[16],"are":[17,59,81],"prevalent":[18],"globally":[19],"and":[20,34,109,131,139,167,184,246,253,258,263,300,318,334,350],"continue":[21],"to":[22,62,83,147,188,287,302,321],"occur":[23],"in":[24,75,171,291,295,306,310],"the":[25,28,68,76,85,104,110,135,149,172,175,189,201,204,223,226,249,292,296,307,311,339,344,352],"US":[26],"with":[27,214,236,276],"onset":[29],"new":[31],"COVID-19":[32,153],"variants":[33],"emerging":[35],"like":[37],"monkeypox,":[38],"demonstrating":[39],"an":[40,94],"unprecedented":[41],"need":[42],"for":[43,48,126,142],"improving":[44],"our":[45],"current":[46],"methods":[47],"mass":[49],"testing.":[51,155],"By":[52],"targeting":[53],"toward":[56],"individuals":[57,120],"who":[58],"most":[60],"likely":[61],"be":[63],"infected":[64],"and,":[65],"thus,":[66],"increasing":[67],"positivity":[70,150,293,308],"rate":[71,151,161,294,309],"(i.e.,":[72],"percent":[73],"positive":[74,89,125],"group),":[78],"fewer":[79],"tests":[80],"needed":[82],"capture":[84],"same":[86],"number":[87],"cases.":[90],"Here,":[91],"we":[92,281],"developed":[93],"Intelligent":[95],"Testing":[96],"Allocation":[97],"(ITA)":[98],"method":[99,341],"by":[100,210,232,267],"leveraging":[101],"data":[102,117,269],"from":[103,118,270],"CovIdentify":[105],"study":[106,112],"(6765":[107],"participants)":[108],"MyPHD":[111],"(8580":[113],"participants),":[114],"including":[115,197,219,315],"smartwatch":[116],"1265":[119],"whom":[122],"126":[123],"tested":[124],"Our":[128,324],"rigorous":[129],"model":[130],"parameter":[132],"search":[133],"uncovered":[134],"optimal":[136],"time":[137],"periods":[138],"aggregate":[140],"metrics":[141],"monitoring":[143],"continuous":[144],"digital":[145],"biomarkers":[146],"increase":[148,290,305],"We":[156,193],"found":[157,195],"that":[158,196,283],"resting":[159],"heart":[160],"(RHR)":[162],"features":[163,199,216,221,238],"distinguished":[164],"between":[165],"COVID-19-positive":[166],"-negative":[168],"cases":[169],"earlier":[170],"course":[173],"infection":[176],"than":[177],"steps":[178,198,237],"features,":[179],"early":[181],"10":[183],"5":[185],"days":[186],"prior":[187],"test,":[191],"respectively.":[192],"also":[194],"increased":[200],"area":[202],"under":[203],"receiver":[205],"operating":[206],"characteristic":[207],"curve":[208,230],"(AUC-ROC)":[209],"7-11%":[211],"when":[212,234],"compared":[213,235],"RHR":[215,220],"alone,":[217],"while":[218],"improved":[222],"AUC":[224],"ITA":[227,284,340],"model's":[228],"precision-recall":[229],"(AUC-PR)":[231],"38-50%":[233],"alone.":[239],"The":[240],"best":[241],"AUC-ROC":[242],"(0.73":[243],"\u00b1":[244,261],"0.14":[245],"0.77":[247],"on":[248,330],"cross-validated":[250,297],"training":[251,298],"set":[252,299],"independent":[254,312],"set,":[256,314],"respectively)":[257],"AUC-PR":[259],"(0.55":[260],"0.21":[262],"0.24)":[264],"were":[265],"achieved":[266],"using":[268],"a":[271,288,303,331],"single":[272],"device":[273],"type":[274],"(Fitbit)":[275],"high-resolution":[277],"(minute-level)":[278],"data.":[279],"Finally,":[280],"show":[282],"generates":[285],"up":[286,301],"6.5-fold":[289],"4.5-fold":[304],"both":[316],"symptomatic":[317],"asymptomatic":[319],"(up":[320],"27%)":[322],"individuals.":[323],"findings":[325],"suggest":[326],"that,":[327],"if":[328],"deployed":[329],"large":[332],"scale":[333],"without":[335],"needing":[336],"self-reported":[337],"symptoms,":[338],"could":[342],"improve":[343],"allocation":[345],"resources":[349],"reduce":[351],"burden":[353],"shortages.":[356]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}