{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042022921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","title":"Germany\u2019s digital health reforms in the COVID-19 era: lessons and opportunities for other countries","display_name":"Germany\u2019s digital health reforms in the COVID-19 era: lessons and opportunities for other countries","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042022921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","mag":"3042022921","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32685700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0306-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0306-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000641874","display_name":"Sara Gerke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-3982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164862","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p590m36","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Gerke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Project on Precision Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and the Law; Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA","Project on Precision Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and the Law","Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-3982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project on Precision Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and the Law; Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project on Precision Medicine, Artificial Intelligence, and the Law","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018366916","display_name":"Ariel Dora Stern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092658","display_name":"Harvard\u2013MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjeh629","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092658"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel D. Stern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, and Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Boston, MA USA","Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, and Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3586-1041","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, and Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Boston, MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Operations Management Unit, Harvard Business School, and Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047818595","display_name":"Timo Minssen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-4888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150057","display_name":"Centre of Advanced Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04my10541","country_code":"RU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timo Minssen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL), Karen Blixens Plads 16, 2300 Copenhagen, DK USA","Centre for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL), Karen Blixens Plads 16, 2300, Copenhagen, DK, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-4888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL), Karen Blixens Plads 16, 2300 Copenhagen, DK USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law (CeBIL), Karen Blixens Plads 16, 2300, Copenhagen, DK, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047818595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150057"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":8.803,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":194,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97694672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"94","last_page":"94"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10912","display_name":"Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9190999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.8647350072860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2019-20-coronavirus-outbreak","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","score":0.6725715398788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.642998993396759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.49892210960388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.3369695544242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.3250107169151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development-economics","display_name":"Development economics","score":0.32356274127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2297896444797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19869673252105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak","display_name":"Outbreak","score":0.08320531249046326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.8647350072860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6725715398788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.642998993396759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.49892210960388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3369695544242859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3250107169151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.32356274127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2297896444797516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19869673252105713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.08320531249046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0306-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32685700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32685700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/37370006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37370006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:699020c339bf4f678ee7d556e451e821","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/699020c339bf4f678ee7d556e451e821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-6 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu:fac-works-1288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/fac-works/289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarly Works","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:9baa4b53-7f71-42e8-8531-00dae115f275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/9baa4b53-7f71-42e8-8531-00dae115f275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine; 3, no 94 (2020)","raw_type":"contributiontojournal/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7351985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7351985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/7f82557d-8b3f-4891-a44d-cb39b32efcb9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/7f82557d-8b3f-4891-a44d-cb39b32efcb9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gerke , S , Stern , A & Minssen , T 2020 , ' Germany\u2019s Digital Health Reforms in the COVID-19 Era: Lessons and Opportunities for Other Countries ' , Nature PJ Digital Medicine , vol. 3 , 94 , pp. 1-6 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0306-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-0306-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G741859004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNF17SA0027784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325957","funder_display_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8491405732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNF17SA0027784","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","funder_display_name":"Novo Nordisk"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306140","display_name":"Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0288es483"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325957","display_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/04txyc737"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042022921.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042022921.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163708304","https://openalex.org/W2290145698","https://openalex.org/W2466644911","https://openalex.org/W2914416302","https://openalex.org/W2995861761","https://openalex.org/W3001360751","https://openalex.org/W3015637290","https://openalex.org/W3025677011","https://openalex.org/W3035286874","https://openalex.org/W3158326161","https://openalex.org/W4206413660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036314732","https://openalex.org/W3009669391","https://openalex.org/W3176864053","https://openalex.org/W3171943759","https://openalex.org/W4292098121","https://openalex.org/W3154141118","https://openalex.org/W4388896133","https://openalex.org/W3031607536","https://openalex.org/W4224279380","https://openalex.org/W4205317059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz":[0],"or":[1],"DVG)":[2],"entitles":[3],"all":[4],"individuals":[5],"covered":[6],"by":[7,92],"statutory":[8],"health":[9,16,35,68],"insurance":[10],"to":[11,76,103],"reimbursement":[12,65],"for":[13,22,47,64,113],"certain":[14],"digital":[15,67],"applications":[17],"(i.e.,":[18],"insurers":[19],"will":[20],"pay":[21],"their":[23],"use).":[24],"Since":[25],"Germany,":[26],"like":[27],"the":[28,38,56,62,71,81,93,97,101],"United":[29],"States":[30],"(US),":[31],"is":[32],"a":[33,42],"multi-payer":[34],"care":[36],"system,":[37],"new":[39,57],"Act":[40,102],"provides":[41],"particularly":[43],"interesting":[44],"case":[45],"study":[46],"US":[48],"policymakers.":[49],"We":[50,84],"first":[51],"provide":[52],"an":[53],"overview":[54],"of":[55,66,100],"German":[58],"DVG":[59],"and":[60,88,111],"outline":[61],"landscape":[63],"solutions":[69],"in":[70],"US,":[72],"including":[73],"recent":[74],"changes":[75],"policies":[77],"governing":[78],"telehealth":[79],"during":[80],"COVID-19":[82],"pandemic.":[83],"then":[85],"discuss":[86],"challenges":[87],"unanswered":[89],"questions":[90],"raised":[91],"DVG,":[94],"ranging":[95],"from":[96],"limited":[98],"scope":[99],"privacy":[104],"issues.":[105],"Lastly,":[106],"we":[107],"highlight":[108],"early":[109],"lessons":[110],"opportunities":[112],"other":[114],"countries.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2020-07-16T00:00:00"}