{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107314542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","title":"Assessment of physiological signs associated with COVID-19 measured using wearable devices","display_name":"Assessment of physiological signs associated with COVID-19 measured using wearable devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107314542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","mag":"3107314542","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33299095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-00363-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-00363-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008799495","display_name":"Aravind Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-2235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097046","display_name":"Fitbit (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00z8s7v19","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aravind Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA. anatarajan@fitbit.com","Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-2235","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA. anatarajan@fitbit.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090917585","display_name":"Hao-Wei Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097046","display_name":"Fitbit (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00z8s7v19","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Wei Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058616492","display_name":"Conor Heneghan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-1349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097046","display_name":"Fitbit (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00z8s7v19","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conor Heneghan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fitbit Research, 199 Fremont St, Floor 14, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008799495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097046"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":14.1972,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":218,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99560273,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"156","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymptomatic","display_name":"Asymptomatic","score":0.8428759574890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7000121474266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6425630450248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.5323303937911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vital-signs","display_name":"Vital signs","score":0.5137296915054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.5084959268569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.47327280044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiorespiratory-fitness","display_name":"Cardiorespiratory fitness","score":0.45796090364456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.45256781578063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.43476077914237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.42893266677856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","score":0.4174192249774933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.3821486532688141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-medicine","display_name":"Emergency medicine","score":0.3386901021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.12616616487503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.0734703540802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.06927064061164856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777910003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1707292","display_name":"Asymptomatic","level":2,"score":0.8428759574890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7000121474266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6425630450248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.5323303937911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776890885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067560","display_name":"Vital signs","level":2,"score":0.5137296915054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.5084959268569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.47327280044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117437137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038720","display_name":"Cardiorespiratory fitness","level":2,"score":0.45796090364456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.45256781578063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.43476077914237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.42893266677856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4174192249774933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3821486532688141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3386901021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.12616616487503052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0734703540802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06927064061164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-00363-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33299095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33299095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02b99d5ad127459fb9f207548d75cd8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02b99d5ad127459fb9f207548d75cd8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7705652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7705652","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NPJ Digit Med","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00363-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-020-00363-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107314542.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107314542.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034758365","https://openalex.org/W2074145884","https://openalex.org/W2112011799","https://openalex.org/W2122464624","https://openalex.org/W2133589238","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2295749803","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2765638029","https://openalex.org/W2994721411","https://openalex.org/W3010233963","https://openalex.org/W3015571324","https://openalex.org/W3023519397","https://openalex.org/W3023696618","https://openalex.org/W3032869635","https://openalex.org/W3032972019","https://openalex.org/W3036597378","https://openalex.org/W3040064613","https://openalex.org/W3089010823","https://openalex.org/W3104096625","https://openalex.org/W3107602031","https://openalex.org/W3110689439","https://openalex.org/W3113087560","https://openalex.org/W3165838540","https://openalex.org/W4298441315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4311479001","https://openalex.org/W4255869851","https://openalex.org/W2789712770","https://openalex.org/W2179222378","https://openalex.org/W2189166478","https://openalex.org/W2580573849","https://openalex.org/W1750527878","https://openalex.org/W2981566561","https://openalex.org/W4230204664","https://openalex.org/W4387954488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Respiration":[0,204],"rate,":[1,3],"heart":[2,5,207],"and":[4,43,89,127,140,156,206,233],"rate":[6,205,208],"variability":[7],"(HRV)":[8],"are":[9,14,209],"some":[10],"health":[11],"metrics":[12],"that":[13,31],"easily":[15],"measured":[16],"by":[17,108,146,212],"consumer":[18,48],"devices,":[19],"which":[20],"can":[21,35],"potentially":[22],"provide":[23],"early":[24,231],"signs":[25],"of":[26,81,98,118,136,143,153,159,171,178,191,198,235],"illness.":[27],"Furthermore,":[28],"mobile":[29],"applications":[30],"accompany":[32],"wearable":[33],"devices":[34,49],"be":[36],"used":[37],"to":[38,76,229],"collect":[39],"relevant":[40],"self-reported":[41,164],"symptoms":[42,138,144,165],"demographic":[44],"data.":[45],"This":[46],"makes":[47],"a":[50,134,201],"valuable":[51],"tool":[52],"in":[53,151,157,222],"the":[54,57,99,116,141,176,179,196],"fight":[55],"against":[56],"COVID-19":[58,66],"pandemic.":[59],"Data":[60],"on":[61,163,184,200],"2745":[62],"subjects":[63,155],"diagnosed":[64],"with":[65,115,224],"(active":[67],"infection,":[68],"PCR":[69,82],"test)":[70],"were":[71,101,133],"collected":[72],"from":[73],"May":[74],"21":[75,137],"September":[77,90],"11,":[78],"2020,":[79],"consisting":[80],"positive":[83],"tests":[84],"conducted":[85],"between":[86],"February":[87],"16":[88],"9.":[91],"Considering":[92],"male":[93,154],"(female)":[94],"participants,":[95],"11.9%":[96],"(11.2%)":[97],"participants":[100],"asymptomatic,":[102],"48.3%":[103],"(47.8%)":[104],"recovered":[105,112],"at":[106,113],"home":[107,114],"themselves,":[109],"29.7%":[110],"(33.7%)":[111],"help":[117],"someone":[119],"else,":[120],"9.3%":[121],"(6.6%)":[122],"required":[123,130],"hospitalization":[124],"without":[125],"ventilation,":[126],"0.5%":[128],"(0.4%)":[129],"ventilation.":[131],"There":[132],"total":[135],"reported,":[139],"prevalence":[142],"varies":[145],"sex.":[147],"Fever":[148],"was":[149],"present":[150],"59.4%":[152],"52%":[158],"female":[160],"subjects.":[161],"Based":[162,183],"alone,":[166],"we":[167,187],"obtained":[168,188],"an":[169,189],"AUC":[170,190],"0.82":[172],"\u00b1":[173,193],"0.017":[174],"for":[175,181,195],"prediction":[177,197],"need":[180],"hospitalization.":[182],"physiological":[185],"signs,":[186],"0.77":[192],"0.018":[194],"illness":[199],"specific":[202],"day.":[203],"typically":[210],"elevated":[211],"illness,":[213],"while":[214],"HRV":[215],"is":[216],"decreased.":[217],"Measuring":[218],"these":[219],"metrics,":[220],"taken":[221],"conjunction":[223],"molecular-based":[225],"diagnostics,":[226],"may":[227],"lead":[228],"better":[230],"detection":[232],"monitoring":[234],"COVID-19.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}