{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981287498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","title":"The importance of study design in the application of artificial intelligence methods in medicine","display_name":"The importance of study design in the application of artificial intelligence methods in medicine","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981287498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","mag":"2981287498","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31646183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0174-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0174-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073429275","display_name":"Martin Eklund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-5266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Eklund","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069504905","display_name":"Kimmo Kartasalo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-4783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimmo Kartasalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038399151","display_name":"Henrik Olsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2270-2017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Olsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064879331","display_name":"Peter Str\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-806X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Str\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073429275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":0.1524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69356955,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"101","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4091152250766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.402537077665329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3444802761077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.34245535731315613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4091152250766754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.402537077665329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3444802761077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.34245535731315613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0174-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31646183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31646183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1bf2e3cb72a4ca09e7d9d2793b6d699","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1bf2e3cb72a4ca09e7d9d2793b6d699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-2 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5762818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6802122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0174-1","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0174-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321491","display_name":"Cancerfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/0527jb766"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981287498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981287498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539462193","https://openalex.org/W1983632470","https://openalex.org/W2901612843","https://openalex.org/W4388317518"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2093578348","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2766271392","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W3107474891"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}