{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901612843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","title":"Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for improving Gleason scoring of prostate cancer","display_name":"Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for improving Gleason scoring of prostate cancer","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901612843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","mag":"2901612843","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31304394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0112-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0112-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069876889","display_name":"Kunal Nagpal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kunal Nagpal","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013940751","display_name":"Davis Foote","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davis Foote","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078784976","display_name":"Yun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4079-8275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039111176","display_name":"Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0083-4991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076826749","display_name":"Ellery Wulczyn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellery Wulczyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082073517","display_name":"Fraser Elisabeth Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8678-486X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fraser Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036703455","display_name":"Niels Olson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-9641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296080982","display_name":"Naval Medical Center San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/02n14ez29","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niels Olson","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA USA","Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050883476","display_name":"Jenny L. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296080982","display_name":"Naval Medical Center San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/02n14ez29","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenny L. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA USA","Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050858581","display_name":"Arash Mohtashamian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296080982","display_name":"Naval Medical Center San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/02n14ez29","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2800250139","https://openalex.org/I2800386880"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Mohtashamian","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA USA","Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296080982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076378363","display_name":"James H. Wren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280259254","display_name":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04q9tew83","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280259254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100506","display_name":"Jackson Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00jkq3860","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100506"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H. Wren","raw_affiliation_strings":["3Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD USA","Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100506","https://openalex.org/I1280259254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068955381","display_name":"Greg S. Corrado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-0992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg S. Corrado","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055588368","display_name":"Robert MacDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-6055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert MacDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106460116","display_name":"Lily H. Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lily H. Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102981230","display_name":"Mahul B. Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5943-3634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160606119","display_name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0011qv509","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahul B. Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA","Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160606119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036500538","display_name":"Andrew Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3524-1571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325899441","display_name":"University Health Network","ror":"https://ror.org/042xt5161","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["5Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada","Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067814797","display_name":"Ankur R. Sangoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-8964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800940521","display_name":"El Camino Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01k08w337","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800940521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankur R. Sangoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["6Department of Pathology, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA USA","Department of Pathology, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"6Department of Pathology, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800940521"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, El Camino Hospital, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800940521"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087778452","display_name":"Craig H. Mermel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-3395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig H. Mermel","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-3395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109602023","display_name":"Jason Hipp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason D. Hipp","raw_affiliation_strings":["1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021041237","display_name":"Martin C. Stumpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1402-6749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114883","display_name":"Tempus Labs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbymr57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114883"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin C. Stumpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Present Address: AI and Data Science, Tempus Labs Inc, Chicago, United States","Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Present Address: AI and Data Science, Tempus Labs Inc, Chicago, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google AI Healthcare, Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":19,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069876889"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"apc_paid":{"value":3060,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3060},"fwci":52.7307,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":491,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99905694,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer","display_name":"Prostate cancer","score":0.7426618337631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6538388729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genitourinary-system","display_name":"Genitourinary system","score":0.5536547303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate","display_name":"Prostate","score":0.48956021666526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scoring-system","display_name":"Scoring system","score":0.4753153920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"Reproducibility","score":0.47181403636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3768239915370941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3494705259799957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.3459886610507965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33691734075546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33209356665611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29987192153930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.14575067162513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09812825918197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08122780919075012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.7426618337631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6538388729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133507102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4712977","display_name":"Genitourinary system","level":2,"score":0.5536547303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.48956021666526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984538763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260590","display_name":"Scoring system","level":2,"score":0.4753153920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.47181403636932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3768239915370941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3494705259799957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.3459886610507965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33691734075546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33209356665611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29987192153930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.14575067162513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09812825918197632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08122780919075012}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0112-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31304394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31304394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NPJ digital medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1811.06497","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.06497","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1811.06497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:836d06c14ca748639705b905a7a3b5b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/836d06c14ca748639705b905a7a3b5b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5586891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6555810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-019-0112-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-019-0112-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195431","display_name":"npj Digital Medicine","issn_l":"2398-6352","issn":["2398-6352"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Digital Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901612843.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2901612843.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W759231069","https://openalex.org/W1545430154","https://openalex.org/W1580788756","https://openalex.org/W1806046400","https://openalex.org/W1961674496","https://openalex.org/W1977551372","https://openalex.org/W2004616400","https://openalex.org/W2007397149","https://openalex.org/W2032076779","https://openalex.org/W2034992378","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2081629172","https://openalex.org/W2083043726","https://openalex.org/W2100001148","https://openalex.org/W2102235862","https://openalex.org/W2103088698","https://openalex.org/W2104180056","https://openalex.org/W2112539990","https://openalex.org/W2131415585","https://openalex.org/W2134951874","https://openalex.org/W2146071495","https://openalex.org/W2158485828","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2264887978","https://openalex.org/W2294284738","https://openalex.org/W2301685087","https://openalex.org/W2332913015","https://openalex.org/W2340422569","https://openalex.org/W2443266644","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2592285328","https://openalex.org/W2592936145","https://openalex.org/W2593134963","https://openalex.org/W2593345132","https://openalex.org/W2618004756","https://openalex.org/W2747085440","https://openalex.org/W2758333670","https://openalex.org/W2770241596","https://openalex.org/W2772246530","https://openalex.org/W2772723798","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2792527495","https://openalex.org/W2795989238","https://openalex.org/W2806853752","https://openalex.org/W2886281300","https://openalex.org/W2894917609","https://openalex.org/W2895559788","https://openalex.org/W2896817483","https://openalex.org/W2897434820","https://openalex.org/W2949226441","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2966884791","https://openalex.org/W4245001167","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2413717610","https://openalex.org/W1973270181","https://openalex.org/W2417696084","https://openalex.org/W2368782778","https://openalex.org/W2087830269","https://openalex.org/W3015759778","https://openalex.org/W2088520467","https://openalex.org/W2075763133","https://openalex.org/W2376423713","https://openalex.org/W1583600832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"prostate":[1],"cancer":[2],"patients,":[3],"the":[4,10,20,87,97,130,150,167],"Gleason":[5,23,48,133,152,168],"score":[6],"is":[7,25,143],"one":[8],"of":[9,19,31,52,74,108,132,166],"most":[11],"important":[12],"prognostic":[13],"factors,":[14],"potentially":[15],"determining":[16],"treatment":[17],"independent":[18,71],"stage.":[21],"However,":[22],"scoring":[24,49,134],"based":[26],"on":[27,69,96],"subjective":[28],"microscopic":[29],"examination":[30],"tumor":[32,160],"morphology":[33],"and":[34,67,113,135,158],"suffers":[35],"from":[36,64],"poor":[37],"reproducibility.":[38],"Here":[39],"we":[40],"present":[41],"a":[42,79,103],"deep":[43],"learning":[44],"system":[45,55,153,169],"(DLS)":[46],"for":[47,164],"whole-slide":[50],"images":[51],"prostatectomies.":[53],"Our":[54,126],"was":[56,94],"developed":[57],"using":[58],"112":[59],"million":[60],"pathologist-annotated":[61],"image":[62],"patches":[63],"1226":[65],"slides,":[66],"evaluated":[68],"an":[70],"validation":[72,98],"dataset":[73],"331":[75],"slides.":[76],"Compared":[77],"to":[78,122,154],"reference":[80],"standard":[81],"provided":[82],"by":[83],"genitourinary":[84],"pathology":[85],"experts,":[86],"mean":[88],"accuracy":[89,107,131],"among":[90],"29":[91],"general":[92],"pathologists":[93],"0.61":[95],"set.":[99],"The":[100,145],"DLS":[101,146],"achieved":[102],"significantly":[104],"higher":[105],"diagnostic":[106],"0.70":[109],"(<i>p</i>":[110],"=":[111],"0.002)":[112],"trended":[114],"towards":[115],"better":[116],"patient":[117],"risk":[118],"stratification":[119],"in":[120],"correlations":[121],"clinical":[123],"follow-up":[124],"data.":[125],"approach":[127],"could":[128],"improve":[129],"subsequent":[136],"therapy":[137],"decisions,":[138],"particularly":[139],"where":[140],"specialist":[141],"expertise":[142],"unavailable.":[144],"also":[147],"goes":[148],"beyond":[149],"current":[151],"more":[155],"finely":[156],"characterize":[157],"quantitate":[159],"morphology,":[161],"providing":[162],"opportunities":[163],"refinement":[165],"itself.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-20T17:24:06.736184","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
