{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400880443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","title":"Neural general circulation models for weather and climate","display_name":"Neural general circulation models for weather and climate","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400880443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39039241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041495428","display_name":"Dmitrii Kochkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3846-4911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dmitrii Kochkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA. dkochkov@google.com","Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3846-4911","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA. dkochkov@google.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049907180","display_name":"Janni Yuval","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-0118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janni Yuval","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA. janniyuval@google.com","Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-0118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA. janniyuval@google.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002908234","display_name":"Ian Langmore","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Langmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020932359","display_name":"Peter N\u00f8rgaard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Norgaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057128860","display_name":"Jamie Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-4681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamie Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068165878","display_name":"Griffin Mooers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-1458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Griffin Mooers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074719970","display_name":"Milan Kl\u00f6wer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3920-4356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milan Kl\u00f6wer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033758325","display_name":"James Lottes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Lottes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082396379","display_name":"Stephan Rasp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-2687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Rasp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076213612","display_name":"Peter D. D\u00fcben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2118-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154986956","display_name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","ror":"https://ror.org/014w0fd65","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154986956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter D\u00fcben","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4610-3326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154986956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083691404","display_name":"Sam Hatfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-6450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154986956","display_name":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts","ror":"https://ror.org/014w0fd65","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154986956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sam Hatfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154986956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059792149","display_name":"Peter Battaglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3622-7111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Battaglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089078828","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro S\u00e1nchez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-5790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Sanchez-Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011651740","display_name":"Matthew Willson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8730-1927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Willson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8730-1927","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001027226","display_name":"Michael P. Brenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5673-7947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Brenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070161680","display_name":"Stephan Hoyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-0380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Hoyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA. shoyer@google.com","Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-0380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA. shoyer@google.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041495428","https://openalex.org/A5049907180","https://openalex.org/A5070161680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"fwci":109.014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":338,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9999481,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"632","issue":"8027","first_page":"1060","last_page":"1066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","score":0.6523514986038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-model","display_name":"Climate model","score":0.6245627999305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.6003910899162292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-circulation-model","display_name":"General Circulation Model","score":0.5915532112121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-output-statistics","display_name":"Model output statistics","score":0.5623232126235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.556846022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-forecasting","display_name":"Weather forecasting","score":0.545743465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-american-mesoscale-model","display_name":"North American Mesoscale Model","score":0.5095043778419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.498812198638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.488032728433609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4624299108982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-cyclone-forecast-model","display_name":"Tropical cyclone forecast model","score":0.4332291781902313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.4050963819026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-forecast-system","display_name":"Global Forecast System","score":0.38777026534080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34035030007362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15546518564224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08674320578575134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.6523514986038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.6245627999305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.6003910899162292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141452985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650994","display_name":"General Circulation Model","level":3,"score":0.5915532112121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37505551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1453537","display_name":"Model output statistics","level":3,"score":0.5623232126235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.556846022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.545743465423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197661373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7053811","display_name":"North American Mesoscale Model","level":4,"score":0.5095043778419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.498812198638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.488032728433609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4624299108982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102561126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164865","display_name":"Tropical cyclone forecast model","level":3,"score":0.4332291781902313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.4050963819026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163109420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287011","display_name":"Global Forecast System","level":3,"score":0.38777026534080505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34035030007362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15546518564224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08674320578575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000090082","descriptor_name":"Climate Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001272","descriptor_name":"Atmosphere","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002980","descriptor_name":"Climate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005544","descriptor_name":"Forecasting","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014887","descriptor_name":"Weather","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055867","descriptor_name":"Cyclonic Storms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39039241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39039241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11357988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11357988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:632:y:2024:i:8027:d:10.1038_s41586-024-07744-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07744-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:a2eb626d-1b3b-4fd5-8859-d63a18e04e84","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07744-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70323760","https://openalex.org/W1789155650","https://openalex.org/W1965068681","https://openalex.org/W1995483742","https://openalex.org/W2010299042","https://openalex.org/W2025720061","https://openalex.org/W2041184575","https://openalex.org/W2045386802","https://openalex.org/W2062050836","https://openalex.org/W2084104669","https://openalex.org/W2120012334","https://openalex.org/W2129522971","https://openalex.org/W2137639805","https://openalex.org/W2146569328","https://openalex.org/W2162440908","https://openalex.org/W2193503481","https://openalex.org/W2495412896","https://openalex.org/W2750605337","https://openalex.org/W2803408063","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2921429755","https://openalex.org/W2930756996","https://openalex.org/W2974527409","https://openalex.org/W2975081708","https://openalex.org/W2990674082","https://openalex.org/W3025949386","https://openalex.org/W3035512096","https://openalex.org/W3040129451","https://openalex.org/W3048374358","https://openalex.org/W3100642145","https://openalex.org/W3124511875","https://openalex.org/W4226066465","https://openalex.org/W4293055892","https://openalex.org/W4293373919","https://openalex.org/W4297036169","https://openalex.org/W4308964494","https://openalex.org/W4367055783","https://openalex.org/W4376956610","https://openalex.org/W4379230313","https://openalex.org/W4383218913","https://openalex.org/W4386274382","https://openalex.org/W4386346187","https://openalex.org/W4387356266","https://openalex.org/W4387574884","https://openalex.org/W4388654737","https://openalex.org/W4399668152","https://openalex.org/W4399779937","https://openalex.org/W4399809729","https://openalex.org/W6723621894","https://openalex.org/W6778150030","https://openalex.org/W6892821775","https://openalex.org/W6967389852","https://openalex.org/W6967801696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021856275","https://openalex.org/W1969203807","https://openalex.org/W4308505112","https://openalex.org/W4385749727","https://openalex.org/W4383218913","https://openalex.org/W2782543925","https://openalex.org/W2921756899","https://openalex.org/W2301455320","https://openalex.org/W4385699815","https://openalex.org/W348901125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"General":[1],"circulation":[2],"models":[3,39,60,121],"(GCMs)":[4],"are":[5,16,225],"the":[6,110,129,220,231],"foundation":[7],"of":[8,100,172,184],"weather":[9,54,73,104,177],"and":[10,74,93,105,113,127,157,170,178,217,229],"climate":[11,75,106,152,158],"prediction":[12,137],"1,2":[13],".":[14,57],"GCMs":[15,51,216],"physics-based":[17,114],"simulators":[18],"that":[19,82,95,205,224],"combine":[20],"a":[21,80,84],"numerical":[22],"solver":[23,86],"for":[24,30,52,71,87,122,132,138,154,227],"large-scale":[25,221],"dynamics":[26,89],"with":[27,90,109,119,128,160,211],"tuned":[28],"representations":[29],"small-scale":[31],"processes":[32],"such":[33,166],"as":[34,167],"cloud":[35],"formation.":[36],"Recently,":[37],"machine-learning":[38,91,112,120],"trained":[40],"on":[41,107],"reanalysis":[42],"data":[43],"have":[44,61],"achieved":[45],"comparable":[46],"or":[47,67],"better":[48],"skill":[49],"than":[50],"deterministic":[53,101],"forecasting":[55],"3,4":[56],"However,":[58],"these":[59],"not":[62,195],"demonstrated":[63],"improved":[64],"ensemble":[65,103,136],"forecasts,":[66,126],"shown":[68],"sufficient":[69],"stability":[70],"long-term":[72],"simulations.":[76],"Here":[77],"we":[78],"present":[79],"GCM":[81],"combines":[83],"differentiable":[85],"atmospheric":[88],"components":[92],"show":[94,163,204],"it":[96],"can":[97,149,218],"generate":[98],"forecasts":[99,159],"weather,":[102],"par":[108],"best":[111],"methods.":[115],"NeuralGCM":[116,148],"is":[117,209],"competitive":[118],"one-":[123,139],"to":[124,140,197],"ten-day":[125],"European":[130],"Centre":[131],"Medium-Range":[133],"Weather":[134],"Forecasts":[135],"fifteen-day":[141],"forecasts.":[142],"With":[143],"prescribed":[144],"sea":[145],"surface":[146],"temperature,":[147],"accurately":[150],"track":[151],"metrics":[153],"multiple":[155],"decades,":[156],"140-kilometre":[161],"resolution":[162],"emergent":[164],"phenomena":[165],"realistic":[168],"frequency":[169],"trajectories":[171],"tropical":[173],"cyclones.":[174],"For":[175],"both":[176],"climate,":[179],"our":[180,192],"approach":[181],"offers":[182],"orders":[183],"magnitude":[185],"computational":[186],"savings":[187],"over":[188],"conventional":[189,215],"GCMs,":[190],"although":[191],"model":[193],"does":[194],"extrapolate":[196],"substantially":[198],"different":[199],"future":[200],"climates.":[201],"Our":[202],"results":[203],"end-to-end":[206],"deep":[207],"learning":[208],"compatible":[210],"tasks":[212],"performed":[213],"by":[214],"enhance":[219],"physical":[222],"simulations":[223],"essential":[226],"understanding":[228],"predicting":[230],"Earth":[232],"system.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":87},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":204},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47}],"updated_date":"2026-06-29T08:53:18.405633","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
