{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387949708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","title":"Human-like systematic generalization through a meta-learning neural network","display_name":"Human-like systematic generalization through a meta-learning neural network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387949708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37880371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06668-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06668-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011713946","display_name":"Brenden M. Lake","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-3401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brenden M. Lake","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology and Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA. brenden@nyu.edu","Department of Psychology and Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-3401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA. brenden@nyu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038612405","display_name":"Marco Baroni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-3580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Baroni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain","Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011713946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"fwci":28.8714,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":178,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99771936,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"623","issue":"7985","first_page":"115","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7024921774864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-learning","display_name":"Meta learning (computer science)","score":0.5906782150268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5485072135925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5283461809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4797150492668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.4142942726612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32438233494758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15265217423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09380260109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09154203534126282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06635573506355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.06493252515792847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7024921774864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781002164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822311","display_name":"Meta learning (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5906782150268555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5485072135925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5283461809158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4797150492668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.4142942726612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32438233494758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15265217423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09380260109901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09154203534126282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06635573506355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06493252515792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014705","descriptor_name":"Verbal Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06668-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37880371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37880371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/58561","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/58561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402615","display_name":"Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","host_organization_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10620072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10620072","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10620072/pdf/41586_2023_Article_6668.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06668-3","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06668-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387949708.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W537815","https://openalex.org/W1971844566","https://openalex.org/W1997949966","https://openalex.org/W2013494846","https://openalex.org/W2030527368","https://openalex.org/W2048269309","https://openalex.org/W2052474702","https://openalex.org/W2061304498","https://openalex.org/W2081965739","https://openalex.org/W2107139863","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2115197214","https://openalex.org/W2118373646","https://openalex.org/W2167956961","https://openalex.org/W2225340466","https://openalex.org/W2489034491","https://openalex.org/W2509030838","https://openalex.org/W2763330617","https://openalex.org/W2887970879","https://openalex.org/W2906632862","https://openalex.org/W2995479498","https://openalex.org/W2996094825","https://openalex.org/W3016035772","https://openalex.org/W3017374003","https://openalex.org/W3034613146","https://openalex.org/W3036175207","https://openalex.org/W3097193392","https://openalex.org/W3100475986","https://openalex.org/W3104739822","https://openalex.org/W3175473034","https://openalex.org/W3197009789","https://openalex.org/W3205058818","https://openalex.org/W4229005331","https://openalex.org/W4247922470","https://openalex.org/W4281481998","https://openalex.org/W4281483047","https://openalex.org/W4300594522","https://openalex.org/W4304192721","https://openalex.org/W4386156648","https://openalex.org/W4388929313","https://openalex.org/W4389520103","https://openalex.org/W6729433768","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6852172788","https://openalex.org/W6968950395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2091347716","https://openalex.org/W98577079","https://openalex.org/W4283332751","https://openalex.org/W4319309271","https://openalex.org/W2548988175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"famously":[0],"argued":[1],"that":[2,43],"artificial":[3],"neural":[4,44,115,150],"networks":[5,19,45],"lack":[6],"this":[7],"capacity":[8],"and":[9,37,80,110,123],"are":[10],"therefore":[11],"not":[12],"viable":[13],"models":[14],"of":[15,74,135],"the":[16,24,28,61,121,132],"mind.":[17],"Neural":[18],"have":[20],"advanced":[21],"considerably":[22],"in":[23,100,139,163],"years":[25],"since,":[26],"yet":[27],"systematicity":[29,49,122],"challenge":[30,39],"persists.":[31],"Here":[32],"we":[33,59,82,97],"successfully":[34],"address":[35],"Fodor":[36],"Pylyshyn's":[38],"by":[40],"providing":[41],"evidence":[42],"can":[46,158],"achieve":[47],"human-like":[48,127],"when":[50],"optimized":[51,153],"for":[52,63,67,126,154],"their":[53],"compositional":[54,75,133,156],"skills.":[55],"To":[56,77],"do":[57],"so,":[58],"introduce":[60],"meta-learning":[62],"compositionality":[64],"(MLC)":[65],"approach":[66],"guiding":[68],"training":[69],"through":[70],"a":[71,148,164],"dynamic":[72],"stream":[73],"tasks.":[76],"compare":[78],"humans":[79],"machines,":[81],"conducted":[83],"human":[84,160],"behavioural":[85],"experiments":[86],"using":[87],"an":[88],"instruction":[89],"learning":[90,137],"paradigm.":[91],"After":[92],"considering":[93],"seven":[94],"different":[95],"models,":[96,109],"found":[98],"that,":[99],"contrast":[101],"to":[102],"perfectly":[103,111],"systematic":[104,141,161],"but":[105,113],"rigid":[106],"probabilistic":[107],"symbolic":[108],"flexible":[112],"unsystematic":[114],"networks,":[116],"only":[117],"MLC":[118,129],"achieves":[119],"both":[120],"flexibility":[124],"needed":[125],"generalization.":[128],"also":[130],"advances":[131],"skills":[134],"machine":[136],"systems":[138],"several":[140],"generalization":[142,162],"benchmarks.":[143],"Our":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"how":[147],"standard":[149],"network":[151],"architecture,":[152],"its":[155],"skills,":[157],"mimic":[159],"head-to-head":[165],"comparison.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-18T10:00:31.954636","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
