{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210870706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04357-7","title":"Outracing champion Gran Turismo drivers with deep reinforcement learning","display_name":"Outracing champion Gran Turismo drivers with deep reinforcement learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210870706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04357-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35140384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04357-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04357-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008848329","display_name":"Peter R. Wurman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-0624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter R. Wurman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA. peter.wurman@sony.com","Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA. peter.wurman@sony.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090031819","display_name":"Samuel Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-3339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006805979","display_name":"Kenta Kawamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-2766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122684","display_name":"Sony Computer Science Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/02nc46417","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenta Kawamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050915835","display_name":"James MacGlashan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4212-7742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James MacGlashan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020915141","display_name":"K.A. Subramanian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071800632","display_name":"Thomas J. Walsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016238183","display_name":"Roberto Capobianco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2219-215X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Capobianco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018883722","display_name":"Alisa Devli\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alisa Devlic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033094522","display_name":"Franziska Eckert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4742-3962"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franziska Eckert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003390011","display_name":"Florian Fuchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-3718"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013309687","display_name":"Leilani H. Gilpin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leilani Gilpin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113724903","display_name":"Piyush Khandelwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0045-2045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piyush Khandelwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027815300","display_name":"Varun Raj Kompella","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Kompella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086604475","display_name":"HaoChih Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HaoChih Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049361946","display_name":"Patrick MacAlpine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-2625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick MacAlpine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091410525","display_name":"Declan Oller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Declan Oller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052561962","display_name":"Takuma Seno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122684","display_name":"Sony Computer Science Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/02nc46417","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuma Seno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013939722","display_name":"Craig Sherstan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Sherstan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001208971","display_name":"Michael D. Thomure","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Thomure","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039268563","display_name":"Houmehr Aghabozorgi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houmehr Aghabozorgi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001779544","display_name":"Leon Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-3259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059480888","display_name":"Rory Douglas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rory Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027820966","display_name":"Dion Whitehead","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dion Whitehead","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102884528","display_name":"Peter D\u00fcrr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-5009"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter D\u00fcrr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001594330","display_name":"Peter Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-420X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800278093","display_name":"Sony Corporation (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k91zb11","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071179999","display_name":"Michael Spranger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9443-7008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122684","display_name":"Sony Computer Science Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/02nc46417","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Spranger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086835862","display_name":"Hiroaki Kitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3589-1953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122684","display_name":"Sony Computer Science Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/02nc46417","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroaki Kitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sony AI, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":27,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008848329"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800278093"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.5363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":343,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99876649,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"602","issue":"7896","first_page":"223","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7833564877510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/champion","display_name":"Champion","score":0.7747092247009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sportsmanship","display_name":"Sportsmanship","score":0.5678804516792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5530552864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.4968016445636749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-championship","display_name":"World championship","score":0.47424831986427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4351053237915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4173603057861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.41057050228118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2347179353237152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17447757720947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16026410460472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.12212264537811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.11651912331581116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7833564877510071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780465443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852061","display_name":"Champion","level":2,"score":0.7747092247009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779326394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995616","display_name":"Sportsmanship","level":2,"score":0.5678804516792297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5530552864074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.4968016445636749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775884009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344963","display_name":"World championship","level":2,"score":0.47424831986427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4351053237915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4173603057861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.41057050228118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2347179353237152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17447757720947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16026410460472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.12212264537811279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11651912331581116}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001334","descriptor_name":"Automobile Driving","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003163","descriptor_name":"Competitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003163","descriptor_name":"Competitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003163","descriptor_name":"Competitive Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012201","descriptor_name":"Reward","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018910","descriptor_name":"Video Games","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018910","descriptor_name":"Video Games","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018910","descriptor_name":"Video Games","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04357-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04357-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35140384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35140384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:602:y:2022:i:7896:d:10.1038_s41586-021-04357-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04357-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1624671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1624671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503424912","https://openalex.org/W2005657479","https://openalex.org/W2017373494","https://openalex.org/W2023136445","https://openalex.org/W2029661261","https://openalex.org/W2041367235","https://openalex.org/W2041911815","https://openalex.org/W2075874755","https://openalex.org/W2116336324","https://openalex.org/W2120347750","https://openalex.org/W2122440830","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2735025962","https://openalex.org/W2765302304","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2806163172","https://openalex.org/W2904246096","https://openalex.org/W2923554444","https://openalex.org/W2963238245","https://openalex.org/W2979863294","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W3068678661","https://openalex.org/W3130724084","https://openalex.org/W3186203877","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6745620495","https://openalex.org/W6769242696","https://openalex.org/W6772005887","https://openalex.org/W6790721482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214884552","https://openalex.org/W2356433063","https://openalex.org/W1636614024","https://openalex.org/W1553222350","https://openalex.org/W1552265839","https://openalex.org/W2365695632","https://openalex.org/W3108767587","https://openalex.org/W112364302","https://openalex.org/W1605711465","https://openalex.org/W2392728734"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":109},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}