{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2257979135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16961","title":"Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search","display_name":"Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2257979135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16961","mag":"2257979135","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26819042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature16961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091771290","display_name":"David Silver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-2892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Silver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006011042","display_name":"Aja Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aja Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054711904","display_name":"Chris J. Maddison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris J. Maddison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009305837","display_name":"Arthur Guez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur Guez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053301405","display_name":"Laurent Sifre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Sifre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025210358","display_name":"George van den Driessche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George van den Driessche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080518618","display_name":"Julian Schrittwieser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Schrittwieser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021217383","display_name":"Ioannis Antonoglou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Antonoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008968626","display_name":"Veda Panneershelvam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veda Panneershelvam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049659586","display_name":"Marc Lanctot","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Lanctot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034960578","display_name":"Sander Dieleman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sander Dieleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077188995","display_name":"Dominik Grewe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Grewe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058201889","display_name":"John Nham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Nham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA","Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059729571","display_name":"Nal Kalchbrenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-3088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nal Kalchbrenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006446297","display_name":"Ilya Sutskever","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilya Sutskever","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA","Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, 94043, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California, 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066294254","display_name":"Timothy Lillicrap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-486X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Lillicrap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059103439","display_name":"Madeleine Leach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeleine Leach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090341705","display_name":"Koray Kavukcuoglu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koray Kavukcuoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051619646","display_name":"Thore Graepel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-0310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thore Graepel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005349213","display_name":"Demis Hassabis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-9917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113297","display_name":"Google (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/024bc3e07","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demis Hassabis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google DeepMind, 5 New Street Square, London, EC4A 3TW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113297","https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":20,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091771290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210113297"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2219.8835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15683,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"529","issue":"7587","first_page":"484","last_page":"489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.8648233413696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7135846614837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/champion","display_name":"Champion","score":0.6778748035430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6620959043502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6127386093139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5923349857330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-tree","display_name":"Game tree","score":0.5547865629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5262364745140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.47257816791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.46185386180877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4301915168762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4062724709510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.32089799642562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.3063604533672333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.2619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17269167304039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.11546275019645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09766724705696106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.8648233413696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7135846614837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780465443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852061","display_name":"Champion","level":2,"score":0.6778748035430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6620959043502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6127386093139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5923349857330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95815963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377033","display_name":"Game tree","level":4,"score":0.5547865629196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5262364745140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.47257816791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.46185386180877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4301915168762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4062724709510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.32089799642562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.3063604533672333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.2619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17269167304039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.11546275019645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09766724705696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068957","descriptor_name":"Games, Recreational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068957","descriptor_name":"Games, Recreational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068957","descriptor_name":"Games, Recreational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003201","descriptor_name":"Computers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005060","descriptor_name":"Europe","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature16961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26819042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26819042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:529:y:2016:i:7587:d:10.1038_nature16961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature16961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50617830","https://openalex.org/W170811313","https://openalex.org/W182596629","https://openalex.org/W202421935","https://openalex.org/W580037270","https://openalex.org/W1492505991","https://openalex.org/W1497290640","https://openalex.org/W1500868819","https://openalex.org/W1501727541","https://openalex.org/W1509593372","https://openalex.org/W1510972507","https://openalex.org/W1512315140","https://openalex.org/W1528097685","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1551466210","https://openalex.org/W1563895031","https://openalex.org/W1574724904","https://openalex.org/W1587022413","https://openalex.org/W1589775371","https://openalex.org/W1625390266","https://openalex.org/W1714211023","https://openalex.org/W1863869622","https://openalex.org/W1888434271","https://openalex.org/W1947291763","https://openalex.org/W1977989560","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W1989923401","https://openalex.org/W1994685255","https://openalex.org/W1997840820","https://openalex.org/W2020135152","https://openalex.org/W2029572069","https://openalex.org/W2041367235","https://openalex.org/W2056740053","https://openalex.org/W2099001564","https://openalex.org/W2100677568","https://openalex.org/W2101101673","https://openalex.org/W2110630796","https://openalex.org/W2114735315","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2128020951","https://openalex.org/W2134264591","https://openalex.org/W2134400955","https://openalex.org/W2135129960","https://openalex.org/W2135997697","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2153039919","https://openalex.org/W2154291838","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2157803532","https://openalex.org/W2159920598","https://openalex.org/W2161608691","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168231600","https://openalex.org/W2342614577","https://openalex.org/W2535938846","https://openalex.org/W2588285293","https://openalex.org/W2911296969","https://openalex.org/W2913764096","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4321428174","https://openalex.org/W6684859321"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2908895887","https://openalex.org/W2523674799","https://openalex.org/W4381571188","https://openalex.org/W4327811054","https://openalex.org/W2908673733","https://openalex.org/W3094607870","https://openalex.org/W2188928203","https://openalex.org/W2978000411","https://openalex.org/W2591200008","https://openalex.org/W2257979135"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":311},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1203},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1248},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1651},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1702},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2261},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2263},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2090},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1550},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":964},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":421},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
