{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033198212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11421","title":"A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization","display_name":"A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033198212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11421","mag":"2033198212","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22972300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature11421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085452154","display_name":"Robert M. Bond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-2186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Bond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA","Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056845337","display_name":"Christopher J. Fariss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9837-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Fariss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080066602","display_name":"Jason Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason J. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008636829","display_name":"Adam Kramer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam D. I. Kramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science, Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science, Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110383731","display_name":"Cameron Marlow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Marlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science, Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science, Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California 94025, USA ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029959450","display_name":"Jaime E. Settle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-9291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime E. Settle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082330712","display_name":"James H. Fowler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-1638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132395","display_name":"University of California San Diego Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03aw5sn18","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791","https://openalex.org/I4210132395"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James H. Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Genetics Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,","Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Genetics Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Political Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082330712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959","https://openalex.org/I4210132395"],"apc_list":{"value":9750,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":11690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":266.7816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2591,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"489","issue":"7415","first_page":"295","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11239","display_name":"Social Capital and Networks","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.8136972784996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6832927465438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5674790143966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpersonal-ties","display_name":"Interpersonal ties","score":0.49718359112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.48215383291244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnout","display_name":"Turnout","score":0.4644280672073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobilization","display_name":"Mobilization","score":0.45079049468040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-study","display_name":"Observational study","score":0.4459220767021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-experiment","display_name":"Randomized experiment","score":0.44113853573799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mobilization","display_name":"Social mobilization","score":0.4386351406574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4303876757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.42984628677368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-to-face","display_name":"Face-to-face","score":0.42345431447029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.40538299083709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40098071098327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.26806366443634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2556629776954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.211012601852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1375458538532257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.10050588846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08162456750869751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.8136972784996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6832927465438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5674790143966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142189719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276633","display_name":"Interpersonal ties","level":2,"score":0.49718359112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48215383291244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779838221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7856080","display_name":"Turnout","level":4,"score":0.4644280672073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156708679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242412","display_name":"Mobilization","level":2,"score":0.45079049468040466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4459220767021179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155108698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231081","display_name":"Randomized experiment","level":2,"score":0.44113853573799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991762164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13647408","display_name":"Social mobilization","level":3,"score":0.4386351406574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4303876757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.42984628677368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777359053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2463823","display_name":"Face-to-face","level":2,"score":0.42345431447029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40538299083709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40098071098327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.26806366443634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2556629776954651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.211012601852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1375458538532257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.10050588846206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08162456750869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010565","descriptor_name":"Persuasive Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010565","descriptor_name":"Persuasive Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010565","descriptor_name":"Persuasive Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011057","descriptor_name":"Politics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018401","descriptor_name":"Sample Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020407","descriptor_name":"Internet","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060756","descriptor_name":"Social Networking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060756","descriptor_name":"Social Networking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060756","descriptor_name":"Social Networking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nature11421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22972300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22972300","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2820359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3834737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W641132676","https://openalex.org/W1595085505","https://openalex.org/W1966344422","https://openalex.org/W1978710835","https://openalex.org/W1979775766","https://openalex.org/W1989524890","https://openalex.org/W2003741412","https://openalex.org/W2003998314","https://openalex.org/W2013098216","https://openalex.org/W2016935525","https://openalex.org/W2040301417","https://openalex.org/W2068950776","https://openalex.org/W2099533492","https://openalex.org/W2099556653","https://openalex.org/W2103713232","https://openalex.org/W2105275777","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2110161496","https://openalex.org/W2111017633","https://openalex.org/W2111394372","https://openalex.org/W2111896942","https://openalex.org/W2118745042","https://openalex.org/W2130224277","https://openalex.org/W2147453867","https://openalex.org/W2149910108","https://openalex.org/W2150208547","https://openalex.org/W2159397589","https://openalex.org/W2165938089","https://openalex.org/W2171018098","https://openalex.org/W2328520769","https://openalex.org/W3098374147","https://openalex.org/W3124682511","https://openalex.org/W4212876428","https://openalex.org/W4242087913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044173263","https://openalex.org/W856308142","https://openalex.org/W2373209389","https://openalex.org/W2110286895","https://openalex.org/W2197796436","https://openalex.org/W2264221613","https://openalex.org/W4246879814","https://openalex.org/W1168036533","https://openalex.org/W2728619715","https://openalex.org/W2611217966"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":111},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":157},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":192},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":194},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":257},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":283},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":208},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":246},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":193},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":217},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":197},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":159},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":111},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
