{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280557801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021sw003030","title":"Mapping a Magnetic Superstorm: March 1989 Geoelectric Hazards and Impacts on United States Power Systems","display_name":"Mapping a Magnetic Superstorm: March 1989 Geoelectric Hazards and Impacts on United States Power Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280557801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021sw003030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2021sw003030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021sw003030","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2021SW003030","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166492742","display_name":"Space Weather","issn_l":"1542-7390","issn":["1542-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Space Weather","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2021SW003030","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065260177","display_name":"Jeffrey J. Love","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey J. Love","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-0348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037394360","display_name":"Greg Lucas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-1863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114008","display_name":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/01fcjzv38","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4210114008"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg M. Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA","Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-1863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado  Boulder CO USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4210114008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660","https://openalex.org/I4210114008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108721575","display_name":"E. J. Rigler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Joshua Rigler","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084221478","display_name":"Benjamin S. Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7636-3711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021148","display_name":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/006xfsx34","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4392021148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin S. Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center  Denver CO USA","U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO, USA","U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7636-3711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center  Denver CO USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I4392021148"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I4392021148"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075822850","display_name":"Anna Kelbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-398X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Kelbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-398X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey Geomagnetism Program  Denver CO USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geomagnetism Program, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074299760","display_name":"Paul A. Bedrosian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286329397","display_name":"United States Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021148","display_name":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","ror":"https://ror.org/006xfsx34","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I1335927249","https://openalex.org/I4392021148"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A. Bedrosian","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Geological Survey Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center  Denver CO USA","U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-1038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center  Denver CO USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I4392021148"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397","https://openalex.org/I4392021148"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065260177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286329397"],"apc_list":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"apc_paid":{"value":2750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2750},"fwci":4.4819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96389571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10572","display_name":"Geophysical and Geoelectrical Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earths-magnetic-field","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","score":0.7146143913269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7138693332672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.60235196352005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.5744807720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetotellurics","display_name":"Magnetotellurics","score":0.5639687776565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithosphere","display_name":"Lithosphere","score":0.5463209748268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.4507269859313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomagnetic-storm","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","score":0.4390738606452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrojet","display_name":"Electrojet","score":0.4128866195678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4088952839374542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.24353492259979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tectonics","display_name":"Tectonics","score":0.16972574591636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","score":0.14506378769874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08405300974845886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199635899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500960","display_name":"Earth's magnetic field","level":3,"score":0.7146143913269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7138693332672119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.60235196352005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5744807720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413106","display_name":"Magnetotellurics","level":3,"score":0.5639687776565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16942324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83296","display_name":"Lithosphere","level":3,"score":0.5463209748268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.4507269859313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170641098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130011","display_name":"Geomagnetic storm","level":4,"score":0.4390738606452942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35666279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358042","display_name":"Electrojet","level":4,"score":0.4128866195678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4088952839374542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.24353492259979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.16972574591636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.14506378769874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08405300974845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2021sw003030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021sw003030","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2021SW003030","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166492742","display_name":"Space Weather","issn_l":"1542-7390","issn":["1542-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Space Weather","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1aefea24cfc4ff1a53d11c505734765","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1aefea24cfc4ff1a53d11c505734765","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Space Weather, Vol 20, Iss 5, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2021sw003030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021sw003030","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1029/2021SW003030","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S166492742","display_name":"Space Weather","issn_l":"1542-7390","issn":["1542-7390"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Space Weather","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":154,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28697234","https://openalex.org/W345748271","https://openalex.org/W882965831","https://openalex.org/W975608034","https://openalex.org/W1506723399","https://openalex.org/W1510264242","https://openalex.org/W1512652263","https://openalex.org/W1597743731","https://openalex.org/W1601930234","https://openalex.org/W1639959655","https://openalex.org/W1660804621","https://openalex.org/W1688299965","https://openalex.org/W1800360722","https://openalex.org/W1831243570","https://openalex.org/W1886688909","https://openalex.org/W1925178809","https://openalex.org/W1975574615","https://openalex.org/W1980876422","https://openalex.org/W1990030597","https://openalex.org/W1990032286","https://openalex.org/W1994831228","https://openalex.org/W1995799897","https://openalex.org/W1998983070","https://openalex.org/W2000402387","https://openalex.org/W2005358837","https://openalex.org/W2006338506","https://openalex.org/W2007511202","https://openalex.org/W2009965010","https://openalex.org/W2011594282","https://openalex.org/W2012590324","https://openalex.org/W2012951777","https://openalex.org/W2016398353","https://openalex.org/W2019482003","https://openalex.org/W2021249283","https://openalex.org/W2021557060","https://openalex.org/W2025223593","https://openalex.org/W2026402007","https://openalex.org/W2026465592","https://openalex.org/W2026983107","https://openalex.org/W2033614590","https://openalex.org/W2035680118","https://openalex.org/W2041417551","https://openalex.org/W2041975274","https://openalex.org/W2049735703","https://openalex.org/W2054940177","https://openalex.org/W2062618883","https://openalex.org/W2065824819","https://openalex.org/W2067849681","https://openalex.org/W2073808767","https://openalex.org/W2079063817","https://openalex.org/W2079575244","https://openalex.org/W2079858403","https://openalex.org/W2083311689","https://openalex.org/W2084333302","https://openalex.org/W2085112427","https://openalex.org/W2085865581","https://openalex.org/W2091773968","https://openalex.org/W2095707799","https://openalex.org/W2108393627","https://openalex.org/W2110836649","https://openalex.org/W2115241935","https://openalex.org/W2116617591","https://openalex.org/W2118415902","https://openalex.org/W2119892500","https://openalex.org/W2120052427","https://openalex.org/W2126314625","https://openalex.org/W2127784690","https://openalex.org/W2130907775","https://openalex.org/W2131056151","https://openalex.org/W2144213671","https://openalex.org/W2153985013","https://openalex.org/W2156987157","https://openalex.org/W2161302203","https://openalex.org/W2175123032","https://openalex.org/W2180188025","https://openalex.org/W2188361049","https://openalex.org/W2228139747","https://openalex.org/W2259113559","https://openalex.org/W2305107767","https://openalex.org/W2339291601","https://openalex.org/W2476550529","https://openalex.org/W2499852951","https://openalex.org/W2500676959","https://openalex.org/W2502150232","https://openalex.org/W2513093822","https://openalex.org/W2518304318","https://openalex.org/W2533933222","https://openalex.org/W2558099930","https://openalex.org/W2570230633","https://openalex.org/W2571812938","https://openalex.org/W2580642199","https://openalex.org/W2582776871","https://openalex.org/W2591123938","https://openalex.org/W2597663946","https://openalex.org/W2605859926","https://openalex.org/W2658027406","https://openalex.org/W2729013334","https://openalex.org/W2737973161","https://openalex.org/W2788580411","https://openalex.org/W2790302172","https://openalex.org/W2794933829","https://openalex.org/W2805248314","https://openalex.org/W2805427053","https://openalex.org/W2808920996","https://openalex.org/W2893783768","https://openalex.org/W2899796547","https://openalex.org/W2907072673","https://openalex.org/W2908276231","https://openalex.org/W2944039446","https://openalex.org/W2947521430","https://openalex.org/W2950268010","https://openalex.org/W2952890029","https://openalex.org/W2956030975","https://openalex.org/W2956853667","https://openalex.org/W2973954250","https://openalex.org/W2974702507","https://openalex.org/W2974893746","https://openalex.org/W2982292991","https://openalex.org/W2982481582","https://openalex.org/W2996770550","https://openalex.org/W3000683741","https://openalex.org/W3008606920","https://openalex.org/W3009534160","https://openalex.org/W3012028639","https://openalex.org/W3023580204","https://openalex.org/W3034899472","https://openalex.org/W3037520428","https://openalex.org/W3038077554","https://openalex.org/W3048142023","https://openalex.org/W3073392352","https://openalex.org/W3080171610","https://openalex.org/W3080282405","https://openalex.org/W3089169412","https://openalex.org/W3092236390","https://openalex.org/W3095702008","https://openalex.org/W3112637055","https://openalex.org/W3135607706","https://openalex.org/W3138877071","https://openalex.org/W3139051242","https://openalex.org/W3142491292","https://openalex.org/W3149448910","https://openalex.org/W3156316487","https://openalex.org/W3164969276","https://openalex.org/W3169590459","https://openalex.org/W3171708876","https://openalex.org/W3202768874","https://openalex.org/W3203463131","https://openalex.org/W4205265421","https://openalex.org/W4238277122","https://openalex.org/W4248736932","https://openalex.org/W4250218711","https://openalex.org/W4256492824","https://openalex.org/W6801520255","https://openalex.org/W6962714419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155771700","https://openalex.org/W2358425655","https://openalex.org/W2176508217","https://openalex.org/W2144451755","https://openalex.org/W2546967401","https://openalex.org/W3096248315","https://openalex.org/W2622167964","https://openalex.org/W2156107562","https://openalex.org/W2100577008","https://openalex.org/W2074585163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"study":[2],"is":[3,45,79,122,164,168],"made":[4],"of":[5,41,110,116,157,197],"the":[6,25,30,63,71,77,96,100,111,117,120,207],"relations":[7],"between":[8],"geomagnetic":[9,42,64,244],"and":[10,16,82,84,99,113,125,127,145,228,249],"geoelectric":[11,56,86,129,136,158,179,202,235],"field":[12,43,57,87,130,137,203,236],"variation,":[13],"Earth\u2010surface":[14],"impedance,":[15],"operational":[17],"interference":[18],"(\u201canomalies\u201d)":[19],"experienced":[20,106],"on":[21],"electric\u2010power":[22],"systems":[23,221],"across":[24,114,206],"contiguous":[26],"United":[27,208],"States":[28,209],"during":[29,183,210],"13\u201314":[31],"March,":[32],"1989,":[33,212],"magnetic":[34],"storm.":[35],"For":[36],"this,":[37],"a":[38,195,229],"1\u2010min\u2010resolution":[39,135],"sequence":[40],"maps":[44,58,65,214],"constructed":[46],"from":[47,140,242],"magnetometer":[48],"time":[49],"series":[50],"acquired":[51],"at":[52,187],"ground\u2010based":[53],"observatories.":[54],"Induced":[55],"are":[59],"calculated":[60],"by":[61,160,192,194,216],"convolving":[62],"with":[66],"magnetotelluric":[67,247],"impedance":[68],"tensors.":[69],"During":[70],"storm,":[72],"anomalies":[73,104],"were":[74,89,105,132,181],"concentrated":[75],"where":[76,85,119,128],"lithosphere":[78,121],"electrically":[80],"resistive,":[81],"when":[83,126],"amplitudes":[88,131,204],"high.":[90],"This":[91],"was":[92],"particularly":[93],"true":[94],"in":[95,107,143,148,153,234],"Mid\u2010Atlantic,":[97],"Northeast,":[98],"upper":[101],"Midwest.":[102],"Few":[103],"other":[108],"parts":[109],"Midwest":[112],"much":[115,169,224,230],"West,":[118],"more":[123],"conductive,":[124],"low.":[133],"Peak":[134],"amplitude":[138],"ranged":[139],"21.66":[141],"V/km":[142,147,152],"Maine":[144],"19.02":[146],"Virginia":[149],"to":[150,175,201,219,251],"<0.02":[151],"Idaho.":[154],"Latitude\u2010dependent":[155],"organization":[156,173],"hazards":[159],"auroral\u2010zone":[161],"electrojet":[162],"currents":[163],"detectable,":[165],"but":[166],"it":[167],"weaker":[170],"than":[171],"geographic":[172,226],"due":[174],"surface":[176],"impedance.":[177],"Hazardous":[178],"fields":[180],"induced":[182],"different":[184,188],"storm":[185],"phases,":[186],"local":[189],"times,":[190],"and,":[191],"inference,":[193],"variety":[196],"ionospheric":[198],"currents.":[199],"Compared":[200],"realized":[205],"March":[211],"hazard":[213],"used":[215],"utility":[217],"companies":[218],"estimate":[220],"exposure":[222],"have":[223],"less":[225],"detail":[227],"smaller":[231],"maximum\u2010to\u2010minimum":[232],"range":[233],"amplitude.":[237],"Future":[238],"research":[239],"would":[240],"benefit":[241],"denser":[243],"monitoring,":[245],"additional":[246],"surveying,":[248],"access":[250],"power\u2010system":[252],"impact":[253],"data.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}