{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2949492300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000257","title":"The Gordian Knot of Disposition Theory","display_name":"The Gordian Knot of Disposition Theory","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2949492300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000257","mag":"2949492300"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167406155","display_name":"Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications","issn_l":"1864-1105","issn":["1864-1105","2151-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319871","host_organization_name":"Hogrefe Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hogrefe Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053095952","display_name":"Matthew Grizzard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-0308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Grizzard","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-0308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065669633","display_name":"Jialing Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8686-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51380931","display_name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Texarkana","ror":"https://ror.org/01x3z9745","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51380931"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialing Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University \u2013 Texarkana, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Texarkana, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51380931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056693095","display_name":"Changhyun Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhyun Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006677558","display_name":"Kaitlin Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-1768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitlin Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011576899","display_name":"C. Joseph Francemone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Joseph Francemone","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032488042","display_name":"Jess Walton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jess Walton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, \t\t\t\t\t\tUSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053095952"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.2465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99197534,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"100","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12908","display_name":"Media, Gender, and Advertising","score":0.9401000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.9333000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morality","display_name":"Morality","score":0.9390764236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disposition","display_name":"Disposition","score":0.7991080284118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.7836686968803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.7082639932632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5949240922927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.4229256510734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.20532873272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07576102018356323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.9390764236450195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38022665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149305","display_name":"Disposition","level":2,"score":0.7991080284118652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7836686968803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.7082639932632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5949240922927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4229256510734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.20532873272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07576102018356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167406155","display_name":"Journal of Media Psychology Theories Methods and Applications","issn_l":"1864-1105","issn":["1864-1105","2151-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319871","host_organization_name":"Hogrefe Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hogrefe Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Media Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1931218588","https://openalex.org/W1964757777","https://openalex.org/W1978157540","https://openalex.org/W2015634616","https://openalex.org/W2060501051","https://openalex.org/W2119811891","https://openalex.org/W2125292601","https://openalex.org/W2149653101","https://openalex.org/W2150884751","https://openalex.org/W2167251605","https://openalex.org/W2291406727","https://openalex.org/W2402663758","https://openalex.org/W2533646202","https://openalex.org/W2562388634","https://openalex.org/W2604839442","https://openalex.org/W2903723838","https://openalex.org/W2949836754","https://openalex.org/W3120281797","https://openalex.org/W3125923573","https://openalex.org/W6756566631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2358690230","https://openalex.org/W2386777182","https://openalex.org/W3030108710","https://openalex.org/W2388256261","https://openalex.org/W2362311513","https://openalex.org/W2373950604","https://openalex.org/W1981852103","https://openalex.org/W2359784009","https://openalex.org/W2381923774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Morally":[1],"ambiguous":[2,154],"characters":[3,155],"are":[4,141],"often":[5],"perceived":[6,102],"to":[7],"challenge":[8,20,151],"Zillmann\u2019s":[9],"affective":[10,157],"disposition":[11,130,158],"theory":[12,131],"of":[13,18,31,68,79,129,152],"drama.":[14],"At":[15],"the":[16,22,66,83,114,124,127,149],"heart":[17],"this":[19,38],"is":[21,99],"question:":[23],"\u201cTo":[24],"what":[25],"extent":[26],"can":[27],"liking":[28,61,74,98,115,120,135],"be":[29],"independent":[30],"character":[32],"morality?\u201d":[33],"The":[34],"current":[35],"study":[36],"examines":[37],"question":[39],"with":[40,87,101,156],"a":[41,88],"2":[42],"(Disposition:":[43],"Positive":[44],"vs.":[45],"Negative)":[46],"\u00d7":[47],"3":[48],"(Character":[49],"Type:":[50],"Hero,":[51],"Antihero,":[52],"Villain)":[53],"between-subjects":[54],"factorial":[55],"experiment":[56],"that":[57,97,143],"induces":[58],"variance":[59,108,118],"in":[60,109,119],"and":[62,75,104,117,134,147],"morality.":[63,76],"We":[64],"assess":[65],"influence":[67],"these":[69],"orthogonal":[70],"manipulations":[71,81],"on":[72,82],"measured":[73,84],"Main":[77],"effects":[78],"both":[80],"variables":[85],"emerged,":[86],"significant":[89],"correlation":[90],"between":[91],"measures.":[92],"Regression":[93],"analyses":[94],"further":[95],"confirm":[96],"associated":[100],"morality":[103,110,125,133],"vice":[105],"versa.":[106],"Because":[107],"was":[111,121],"induced":[112,122],"by":[113,123],"manipulation":[116],"manipulation,":[126],"assumptions":[128],"regarding":[132],"seem":[136],"accurate.":[137],"Future":[138],"research":[139],"directions":[140],"provided":[142],"may":[144],"help":[145],"reconcile":[146],"integrate":[148],"seeming":[150],"morally":[153],"theory.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}