{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115629999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022859003006","title":"Measures of Diversity in Classifier Ensembles and Their Relationship with the Ensemble Accuracy","display_name":"Measures of Diversity in Classifier Ensembles and Their Relationship with the Ensemble Accuracy","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115629999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022859003006","mag":"2115629999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1022859003006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022859003006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039168231","display_name":"Ludmila I. Kuncheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-6964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ludmila I. Kuncheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK","School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK. l.i.kuncheva@bangor.ac.uk#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK. l.i.kuncheva@bangor.ac.uk#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111890031","display_name":"Christopher J. Whitaker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161548249","display_name":"Bangor University","ror":"https://ror.org/006jb1a24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Whitaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK","School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK. c.j.whitaker@bangor.ac.uk"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK. c.j.whitaker@bangor.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039168231"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161548249"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":73.1327,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2283,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99954724,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"2","first_page":"181","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.7247793078422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5496717691421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5252603888511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistic","display_name":"Statistic","score":0.5196946263313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.495369553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46351683139801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.4592326879501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.43329381942749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42825254797935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.41923969984054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4124566614627838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4020424485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11115741729736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09934693574905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06602540612220764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.7247793078422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5496717691421509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5252603888511658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.5196946263313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.495369553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46351683139801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4592326879501343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.43329381942749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42825254797935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.41923969984054565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4124566614627838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4020424485206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11115741729736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09934693574905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06602540612220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1022859003006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022859003006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489209349","https://openalex.org/W1491053661","https://openalex.org/W1516193414","https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1542819171","https://openalex.org/W1552624648","https://openalex.org/W1568408271","https://openalex.org/W1584161386","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2015437745","https://openalex.org/W2016648380","https://openalex.org/W2019778169","https://openalex.org/W2021414631","https://openalex.org/W2029896651","https://openalex.org/W2049861803","https://openalex.org/W2058307353","https://openalex.org/W2058764642","https://openalex.org/W2061119986","https://openalex.org/W2084362125","https://openalex.org/W2097620752","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2119103742","https://openalex.org/W2126297944","https://openalex.org/W2128073546","https://openalex.org/W2129262519","https://openalex.org/W2131750622","https://openalex.org/W2133952083","https://openalex.org/W2135293965","https://openalex.org/W2140020998","https://openalex.org/W2141434237","https://openalex.org/W2150290224","https://openalex.org/W2152761983","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W6632075054","https://openalex.org/W6682371025","https://openalex.org/W6806421124"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2942366970","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2949152769","https://openalex.org/W4372354731","https://openalex.org/W2562400057","https://openalex.org/W1692008701","https://openalex.org/W2597588799","https://openalex.org/W4360593462","https://openalex.org/W2194570607"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":146},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":122},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":136},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":123},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":135},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":145},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":116},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":134}],"updated_date":"2026-06-10T14:10:52.464848","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}