{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232715561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022654820422","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232715561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022654820422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1022654820422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022654820422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181659395","display_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","issn_l":"1387-3326","issn":["1387-3326","1572-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101146897","display_name":"Michael Bauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082642264","display_name":"Gene F. Hoffnagle","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gene Hoffnagle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102339175","display_name":"Howard Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081089425","display_name":"Gabriel M. Silberman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Silberman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101146897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"127","last_page":"128"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4986732006072998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4986732006072998}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1022654820422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022654820422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181659395","display_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","issn_l":"1387-3326","issn":["1387-3326","1572-9419"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Systems Frontiers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:infosf:v:5:y:2003:i:2:d:10.1023_a:1022654820422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1022654820422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996178728","https://openalex.org/W2162445997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2359140296"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}