{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502948359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018925618802","title":"A two\u2010step methodology to reduce requirement defects","display_name":"A two\u2010step methodology to reduce requirement defects","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502948359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018925618802","mag":"1502948359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1018925618802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018925618802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104191512","display_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","issn_l":"1022-7091","issn":["1022-7091","1573-7489"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080140343","display_name":"Robert J. Kosman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799471739","display_name":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04bnxa153","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328969757","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799471739","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert J. Kosman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Code 3122, 1176 Howell Street, Newport, RI, 02841\u20101708, USA","Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Code 3122, 1176 Howell  Street, Newport, RI 02841&dash"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Code 3122, 1176 Howell Street, Newport, RI, 02841\u20101708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Code 3122, 1176 Howell  Street, Newport, RI 02841&dash","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080140343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799471739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13144759,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"477","last_page":"494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.42419999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.42419999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.25949999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.0738999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6053464412689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5471925735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5098597407341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.4887256622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-requirements-specification","display_name":"Software requirements specification","score":0.466092973947525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-requirements-document","display_name":"User requirements document","score":0.45619896054267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45298394560813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4411361813545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.41567277908325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development-process","display_name":"Software development process","score":0.4112364947795868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4039982557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.36699220538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24447977542877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07160216569900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.06578013300895691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6053464412689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5471925735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5098597407341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.4887256622314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102780508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761598","display_name":"Software requirements specification","level":5,"score":0.466092973947525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143267671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901856","display_name":"User requirements document","level":2,"score":0.45619896054267883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45298394560813904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4411361813545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.41567277908325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180152950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2904257","display_name":"Software development process","level":4,"score":0.4112364947795868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4039982557296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.36699220538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24447977542877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07160216569900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.06578013300895691}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1018925618802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018925618802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104191512","display_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","issn_l":"1022-7091","issn":["1022-7091","1573-7489"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985431590","https://openalex.org/W1991657910","https://openalex.org/W2012138753","https://openalex.org/W2035813450","https://openalex.org/W2053524469","https://openalex.org/W2053956575","https://openalex.org/W2089716177","https://openalex.org/W2092999360","https://openalex.org/W2126259958","https://openalex.org/W2161407365","https://openalex.org/W2161492529","https://openalex.org/W3133997574","https://openalex.org/W4235802027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090249529","https://openalex.org/W2123460498","https://openalex.org/W1571231229","https://openalex.org/W2406746345","https://openalex.org/W234065253","https://openalex.org/W2971103475","https://openalex.org/W3089567393","https://openalex.org/W270826027","https://openalex.org/W2157882972","https://openalex.org/W2798306226"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}