{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1576372144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018902408324","title":"Elements underlying the specification of requirements","display_name":"Elements underlying the specification of requirements","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1576372144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018902408324","mag":"1576372144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1018902408324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018902408324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104191512","display_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","issn_l":"1022-7091","issn":["1022-7091","1573-7489"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109332002","display_name":"Alan M. Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan M. Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1867 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Ste 200, Colorado Springs, CO, 80933\u20107150, USA","University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1867 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Ste 200, Colorado Springs, CO 80933‐7150, USA E‐mail: adavis@vivaldi.uccs.edu#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1867 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Ste 200, Colorado Springs, CO, 80933\u20107150, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1867 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Ste 200, Colorado Springs, CO 80933‐7150, USA E‐mail: adavis@vivaldi.uccs.edu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111458714","display_name":"Kathleen A. Jordan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3149230897","display_name":"Institute For Defense Analyses","ror":"https://ror.org/00rh8m666","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Jordan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Defense Analyses, CSED, 1801 N. Beauregard St., Alexandria, VA, 22311, USA","Institute for Defense Analyses, CSED, 1801 N. Beauregard St., Alexandria, VA 22311, USA E‐mail: kjordan@ida.org#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Defense Analyses, CSED, 1801 N. Beauregard St., Alexandria, VA, 22311, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Defense Analyses, CSED, 1801 N. Beauregard St., Alexandria, VA 22311, USA E‐mail: kjordan@ida.org#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112264365","display_name":"Tsuyoshi Nakajima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854257","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ccqwj03","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I39854257","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133125","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/033y26782","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]}],"countries":["DE","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tsuyoshi Nakajima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middleware Technology Department, Computer & Info. Systems Lab, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., 5\u20131\u20131 Ofuna, Kamakura\u2010city, Kanagawa, 247, Japan","Middleware Technology Department, Computer & Info. Systems Lab, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., 5\u20131\u20131 Ofuna, Kamakura‐city, Kanagawa 247, Japan E‐mail: nakajima@sy.isl.melco ...#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middleware Technology Department, Computer & Info. Systems Lab, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., 5\u20131\u20131 Ofuna, Kamakura\u2010city, Kanagawa, 247, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middleware Technology Department, Computer & Info. Systems Lab, Mitsubishi Electric Corp., 5\u20131\u20131 Ofuna, Kamakura‐city, Kanagawa 247, Japan E‐mail: nakajima@sy.isl.melco ...#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111458714","https://openalex.org/A5112264365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3149230897","https://openalex.org/I39854257","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0228,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73125115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"63","last_page":"100"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewpoints","display_name":"Viewpoints","score":0.908665657043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.654202938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.552709698677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.49965977668762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/requirements-analysis","display_name":"Requirements analysis","score":0.47875088453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-requirements","display_name":"System requirements","score":0.42692533135414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3948850929737091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20697855949401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20429277420043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.09845098853111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08960938453674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.908665657043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.654202938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.552709698677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.49965977668762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59488412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187147","display_name":"Requirements analysis","level":3,"score":0.47875088453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40398212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275513","display_name":"System requirements","level":2,"score":0.42692533135414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3948850929737091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20697855949401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20429277420043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.09845098853111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08960938453674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1018902408324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018902408324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104191512","display_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","issn_l":"1022-7091","issn":["1022-7091","1573-7489"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Software Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492005089","https://openalex.org/W1506588809","https://openalex.org/W1510810921","https://openalex.org/W1529524624","https://openalex.org/W1569267743","https://openalex.org/W1597256589","https://openalex.org/W1654548009","https://openalex.org/W1823037702","https://openalex.org/W1842401706","https://openalex.org/W1948802341","https://openalex.org/W1996984143","https://openalex.org/W2002719766","https://openalex.org/W2005330727","https://openalex.org/W2010012451","https://openalex.org/W2020775305","https://openalex.org/W2056359803","https://openalex.org/W2091684587","https://openalex.org/W2099529102","https://openalex.org/W2105012426","https://openalex.org/W2105603754","https://openalex.org/W2133431834","https://openalex.org/W2138537116","https://openalex.org/W2150829668","https://openalex.org/W2166716654","https://openalex.org/W2294316145","https://openalex.org/W2295288655","https://openalex.org/W3189142755","https://openalex.org/W4231155962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552042786","https://openalex.org/W4230481354","https://openalex.org/W4308793791","https://openalex.org/W1539866868","https://openalex.org/W2351555136","https://openalex.org/W2375839531","https://openalex.org/W4312088578","https://openalex.org/W2772841928","https://openalex.org/W3158971566","https://openalex.org/W2995590656"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}