{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1502024766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018620424763","title":"Constructive Backpropagation for Recurrent Networks","display_name":"Constructive Backpropagation for Recurrent Networks","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1502024766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018620424763","mag":"1502024766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1018620424763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018620424763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021505895","display_name":"Mikko Lehtokangas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Lehtokangas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 553, FIN\u201333101, Tampere, Finland, e-mail","Tampere University of Technology, Signal Processing Laboratory, PO Box 553, FIN\u201333101, Tampere, Finland, e-mail: mikkol@cs.tut.fi#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 553, FIN\u201333101, Tampere, Finland, e-mail","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tampere University of Technology, Signal Processing Laboratory, PO Box 553, FIN\u201333101, Tampere, Finland, e-mail: mikkol@cs.tut.fi#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021505895"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07183354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"271","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.8406499624252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7603781223297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.685492753982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.6696714162826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5606008172035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4859548807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.45611971616744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3396855592727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.10815152525901794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.8406499624252319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7603781223297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.685492753982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.6696714162826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5606008172035217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4859548807144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.45611971616744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3396855592727661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.10815152525901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1018620424763","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018620424763","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140962798","display_name":"Neural Processing Letters","issn_l":"1370-4621","issn":["1370-4621","1573-773X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572030142","https://openalex.org/W1970284904","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2076118331","https://openalex.org/W2102059542","https://openalex.org/W2109779438","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2114634338","https://openalex.org/W2117941247","https://openalex.org/W2129831132","https://openalex.org/W2136215516","https://openalex.org/W2138784882","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2145085734","https://openalex.org/W2145586232","https://openalex.org/W2896916590","https://openalex.org/W6676553272","https://openalex.org/W6679450714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2052574922","https://openalex.org/W2065045110","https://openalex.org/W2894173309","https://openalex.org/W4387932263","https://openalex.org/W2157746493","https://openalex.org/W2371065793"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
