{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029870991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015548105563","title":"Three dimensional spatial memory and learning in real and virtual environments.","display_name":"Three dimensional spatial memory and learning in real and virtual environments.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029870991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015548105563","mag":"2029870991","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14983834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1015548105563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015548105563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4121042","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","issn_l":"1387-5868","issn":["1387-5868","1542-7633","1573-9252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056409924","display_name":"Charles M. Oman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charles M. Oman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. coman@mit.edu","Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (Address for Correspondence: Man Vehicle Laboratory, Room 37-219, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam ...#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. coman@mit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA (Address for Correspondence: Man Vehicle Laboratory, Room 37-219, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam ...#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053804213","display_name":"Wayne L. Shebilske","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne L. Shebilske","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4235, USA","Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4235, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086082398","display_name":"J. T. Richards","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason T. Richards","raw_affiliation_strings":["Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072087656","display_name":"Travis Tubr\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis C. Tubr\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4235, USA","Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4235, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4235, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091569002","display_name":"Andrew C. Beall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew C. Beall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060330650","display_name":"Alan Natapoff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Natapoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Man Vehicle Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056409924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90885256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"355","last_page":"372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.7429327368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-of-gravity","display_name":"Center of gravity","score":0.5990712642669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5454117655754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5276944637298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5127516984939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.48451703786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4836758077144623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39814063906669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.38344132900238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2972758412361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2698739767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.20017781853675842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.7429327368736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132668919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1110236","display_name":"Center of gravity","level":2,"score":0.5990712642669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5454117655754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5276944637298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5127516984939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.48451703786849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4836758077144623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39814063906669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.38344132900238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2972758412361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2698739767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.20017781853675842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006112","descriptor_name":"Gravitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006112","descriptor_name":"Gravitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006112","descriptor_name":"Gravitation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011187","descriptor_name":"Posture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013028","descriptor_name":"Space Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013028","descriptor_name":"Space Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013028","descriptor_name":"Space Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013037","descriptor_name":"Spatial Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013037","descriptor_name":"Spatial Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013037","descriptor_name":"Spatial Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018561","descriptor_name":"Space Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018561","descriptor_name":"Space Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018561","descriptor_name":"Space Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1015548105563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015548105563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4121042","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","issn_l":"1387-5868","issn":["1387-5868","1542-7633","1573-9252"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:14983834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14983834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Spatial cognition and computation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310845","display_name":"National Space Biomedical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04731xt44"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26208535","https://openalex.org/W176346820","https://openalex.org/W331461184","https://openalex.org/W867193921","https://openalex.org/W992646703","https://openalex.org/W1979408324","https://openalex.org/W1980479781","https://openalex.org/W1989509065","https://openalex.org/W1994042695","https://openalex.org/W2002939783","https://openalex.org/W2035853072","https://openalex.org/W2036480539","https://openalex.org/W2038294518","https://openalex.org/W2046660818","https://openalex.org/W2062700927","https://openalex.org/W2081779074","https://openalex.org/W2133183969","https://openalex.org/W2171137378","https://openalex.org/W2591032171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397565061","https://openalex.org/W4387561393","https://openalex.org/W3163481960","https://openalex.org/W3093895509","https://openalex.org/W4283526844","https://openalex.org/W280704926","https://openalex.org/W2476068070","https://openalex.org/W4323971310","https://openalex.org/W2893372175","https://openalex.org/W1972827106"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
