{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2148686775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014278811727","title":"Comparison of Symbol Sequences: No Editing, No Alignment","display_name":"Comparison of Symbol Sequences: No Editing, No Alignment","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2148686775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014278811727","mag":"2148686775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1014278811727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014278811727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27332288","display_name":"Open Systems & Information Dynamics","issn_l":"1230-1612","issn":["1230-1612","1573-1324","1793-7191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Systems &amp; Information Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039764037","display_name":"Michael G. Sadovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-0715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110184","display_name":"Institute of Biophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01mq8sh52","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210110184","https://openalex.org/I4210129690"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. G. Sadovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210110184"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039764037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210110184"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61778115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"09","issue":"01","first_page":"19","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.6546196341514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5856814384460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5692353844642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4445739686489105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42866966128349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4126951992511749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23988384008407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13143253326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07863503694534302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.6546196341514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5856814384460449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5692353844642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4445739686489105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42866966128349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4126951992511749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23988384008407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13143253326416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07863503694534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1014278811727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014278811727","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27332288","display_name":"Open Systems & Information Dynamics","issn_l":"1230-1612","issn":["1230-1612","1573-1324","1793-7191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Open Systems &amp; Information Dynamics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192093438","https://openalex.org/W282190043","https://openalex.org/W1974326986","https://openalex.org/W2051256134","https://openalex.org/W2054016888","https://openalex.org/W2093972373","https://openalex.org/W4210987016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2376208682","https://openalex.org/W4246219814","https://openalex.org/W4240806619","https://openalex.org/W2368886944","https://openalex.org/W4254609622","https://openalex.org/W2611966483","https://openalex.org/W2392641092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,12,42],"new":[1],"method":[2,13,83],"to":[3,76,85],"compare":[4],"two":[5],"(or":[6],"several)":[7],"symbol":[8],"sequences":[9,75],"is":[10,14,44,67],"developed.":[11],"based":[15],"on":[16],"the":[17,20,23,27,39,50,58,62,65,68,72,82],"comparison":[18,43],"of":[19,22,26,38,49,53,71,74,81],"frequencies":[21],"small":[24],"fragments":[25],"compared":[28,40],"sequences;":[29],"it":[30],"requires":[31],"no":[32],"string":[33],"editing":[34],"or":[35],"other":[36],"transformations":[37],"objects.":[41],"provided":[45],"through":[46],"a":[47,54],"calculation":[48],"specific":[51],"entropy":[52],"frequency":[55],"dictionary":[56,60],"against":[57],"special":[59],"called":[61],"hybrid":[63],"one;":[64],"latter":[66],"statistical":[69],"ancestor":[70],"group":[73],"be":[77],"compared.":[78],"Some":[79],"applications":[80],"developed":[84],"genetics,":[86],"bioinformatics,":[87],"and":[88],"linguistics":[89],"are":[90],"discussed.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
