{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1896925553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011242120015","title":"Turing's Two Tests for Intelligence*","display_name":"Turing's Two Tests for Intelligence*","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1896925553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011242120015","mag":"1896925553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1011242120015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011242120015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063647563","display_name":"Susan G. Sterrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susan G. Sterrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Department of Philosophy, 201 West Duke Building, Box 90743, Durham, NC 27708, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Department of Philosophy, 201 West Duke Building, Box 90743, Durham, NC 27708, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063647563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2445,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9122705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"541","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-test","display_name":"Turing test","score":0.8552281260490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.686908483505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-mind","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","score":0.6192302703857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing","display_name":"Turing","score":0.6118674278259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5550897121429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-deterministic-turing-machine","display_name":"Non-deterministic Turing machine","score":0.47922569513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-recursive-algorithm","display_name":"Super-recursive algorithm","score":0.460062175989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-intelligence","display_name":"Human intelligence","score":0.43907031416893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4373893141746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4293835759162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.41241368651390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.37739837169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32905498147010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3096963167190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turing-machine","display_name":"Turing machine","score":0.2861686944961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-turing-machine","display_name":"Universal Turing machine","score":0.19286322593688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13251739740371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.12014755606651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.10355108976364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphysics","display_name":"Metaphysics","score":0.07655218243598938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C577917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189223","display_name":"Turing test","level":2,"score":0.8552281260490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.686908483505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24726157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","level":3,"score":0.6192302703857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9870796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490481","display_name":"Turing","level":2,"score":0.6118674278259277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5550897121429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15190523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190223","display_name":"Non-deterministic Turing machine","level":5,"score":0.47922569513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31402856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295939","display_name":"Super-recursive algorithm","level":5,"score":0.460062175989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.43907031416893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4373893141746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4293835759162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.41241368651390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.37739837169647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32905498147010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3096963167190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29248071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163310","display_name":"Turing machine","level":3,"score":0.2861686944961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131671149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2703890","display_name":"Universal Turing machine","level":4,"score":0.19286322593688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13251739740371704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12014755606651306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.10355108976364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.07655218243598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1011242120015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011242120015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:soar.wichita.edu:10057/10701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401479","display_name":"Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","host_organization_name":"Wichita State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154647907","https://openalex.org/W1515857817","https://openalex.org/W1517753179","https://openalex.org/W1533375280","https://openalex.org/W1564141322","https://openalex.org/W1585299760","https://openalex.org/W1603433725","https://openalex.org/W1993380272","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2003103143","https://openalex.org/W2003453784","https://openalex.org/W2018872488","https://openalex.org/W2026831454","https://openalex.org/W2032148277","https://openalex.org/W2050026975","https://openalex.org/W2051328548","https://openalex.org/W2054935170","https://openalex.org/W2077790957","https://openalex.org/W2089594116","https://openalex.org/W2143080257","https://openalex.org/W2145482038","https://openalex.org/W2147337276","https://openalex.org/W2241873447","https://openalex.org/W2316135739","https://openalex.org/W2966596151","https://openalex.org/W2999924739","https://openalex.org/W4229731736","https://openalex.org/W4232210932","https://openalex.org/W4247309576","https://openalex.org/W4251626617","https://openalex.org/W4252596228","https://openalex.org/W4375819112","https://openalex.org/W4388215600","https://openalex.org/W4388257056","https://openalex.org/W4388340134","https://openalex.org/W4388340137","https://openalex.org/W6636029892","https://openalex.org/W6724485992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392422095","https://openalex.org/W3037709904","https://openalex.org/W2404728161","https://openalex.org/W1996153379","https://openalex.org/W2425603261","https://openalex.org/W2082052067","https://openalex.org/W2997518018","https://openalex.org/W4252425280","https://openalex.org/W4238697446","https://openalex.org/W3138585481"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
