{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1601741105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011113216584","title":"Coarse-to-Fine Face Detection","display_name":"Coarse-to-Fine Face Detection","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1601741105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011113216584","mag":"1601741105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1011113216584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011113216584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076094010","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Fleuret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-7393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francois Fleuret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avant-Projet IMEDIA, INRIA-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, B.P.105, 78153, Le Chesnay, France","Avant-Projet IMEDIA, INRIA-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, B.P.105, 78153 Le Chesnay, France.  Francois.Fleuret@inria.fr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avant-Projet IMEDIA, INRIA-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, B.P.105, 78153, Le Chesnay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avant-Projet IMEDIA, INRIA-Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, B.P.105, 78153 Le Chesnay, France.  Francois.Fleuret@inria.fr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013551450","display_name":"Donald Geman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald Geman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. geman@math.umass.edu#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. geman@math.umass.edu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2554,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98959569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"1-2","first_page":"85","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6844288110733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.6550846099853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5944263935089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5866509675979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5257155299186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.524954080581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5170493721961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.497029572725296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.46894192695617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4642423391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4479823708534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.44789278507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.44085124135017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4346429109573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution","display_name":"Probability distribution","score":0.4326440691947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4143671691417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35767465829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3182790279388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30054327845573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15156489610671997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6844288110733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.6550846099853516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5944263935089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5866509675979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5257155299186707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.524954080581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5170493721961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.497029572725296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.46894192695617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4642423391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4479823708534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44789278507232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.44085124135017395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4346429109573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4326440691947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4143671691417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35767465829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3182790279388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30054327845573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15156489610671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1011113216584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1011113216584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25538012","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","issn_l":"0920-5691","issn":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Vision","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W740415","https://openalex.org/W136324354","https://openalex.org/W230097570","https://openalex.org/W2003467992","https://openalex.org/W2024091300","https://openalex.org/W2036016336","https://openalex.org/W2103497972","https://openalex.org/W2107977888","https://openalex.org/W2120240539","https://openalex.org/W2124351082","https://openalex.org/W2124722975","https://openalex.org/W2125791971","https://openalex.org/W2126174118","https://openalex.org/W2128439793","https://openalex.org/W2130999353","https://openalex.org/W2152153547","https://openalex.org/W2152756361","https://openalex.org/W2156909104","https://openalex.org/W2157192098","https://openalex.org/W2157928865","https://openalex.org/W2159686933","https://openalex.org/W2165758113","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W3042658839","https://openalex.org/W3169507310","https://openalex.org/W4241541897","https://openalex.org/W6600028160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115686965","https://openalex.org/W2768918307","https://openalex.org/W2040020606","https://openalex.org/W2110031805","https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W2165968459","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W1911540634","https://openalex.org/W2013909972"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}