{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1513697149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009958827317","title":"Word Spotting in Bitmapped Fax Documents","display_name":"Word Spotting in Bitmapped Fax Documents","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1513697149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009958827317","mag":"1513697149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1009958827317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009958827317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79460864","display_name":"Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1386-4564","issn":["1386-4564","1573-7659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/45988","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043708532","display_name":"William J. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-6954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William J. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","[Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023430795","display_name":"Eugene J. Zalubas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene J. Zalubas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","[Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077692655","display_name":"Alfred O. Hero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-9670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred O. Hero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","[Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043708532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06705473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2-3","first_page":"207","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.9250105619430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.698128342628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5614111423492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5525979399681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38956218957901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.38290080428123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34766101837158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.06645232439041138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.9250105619430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.698128342628479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5614111423492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5525979399681091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38956218957901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.38290080428123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34766101837158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06645232439041138}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1009958827317","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009958827317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79460864","display_name":"Information Retrieval","issn_l":"1386-4564","issn":["1386-4564","1573-7659"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Retrieval","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/45988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/45988>","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/45988","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/45988","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/45988>","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/45988","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1513697149.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509528971","https://openalex.org/W1539427444","https://openalex.org/W1818977956","https://openalex.org/W2018955943","https://openalex.org/W2019833178","https://openalex.org/W2069767826","https://openalex.org/W2085863005","https://openalex.org/W2087801610","https://openalex.org/W2088056051","https://openalex.org/W2090923467","https://openalex.org/W2098353298","https://openalex.org/W2098943887","https://openalex.org/W2136126387","https://openalex.org/W2143786659","https://openalex.org/W2145370477","https://openalex.org/W2155818555","https://openalex.org/W2164869719"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034439647","https://openalex.org/W4249589822","https://openalex.org/W2103063669","https://openalex.org/W3184921334","https://openalex.org/W4255446307","https://openalex.org/W2028814537","https://openalex.org/W2058491579","https://openalex.org/W1483316057","https://openalex.org/W118429992","https://openalex.org/W4300154353"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}