{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1584827636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009786013035","title":"Introduction to a Benchmark Column in CONSTRAINTS","display_name":"Introduction to a Benchmark Column in CONSTRAINTS","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1584827636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009786013035","mag":"1584827636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1009786013035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009786013035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75534514","display_name":"Constraints","issn_l":"1383-7133","issn":["1383-7133","1572-9354"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Constraints","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057318656","display_name":"Claude Le Pape","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I280199911","display_name":"Bouygues (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/056185y51","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I280199911"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Le Pape","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bouygues, Direction Scientifique, 1 Avenue Eug\u00e8ne Freyssinet, 78061, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France","Bouygues, Direction Scientifique, 1 Avenue Eug\u00e8ne Freyssinet, 78061 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bouygues, Direction Scientifique, 1 Avenue Eug\u00e8ne Freyssinet, 78061, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280199911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bouygues, Direction Scientifique, 1 Avenue Eug\u00e8ne Freyssinet, 78061 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I280199911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082248197","display_name":"James M. Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3614-6055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182980787","display_name":"University of Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3ak792","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142445","display_name":"SA Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/046qmva50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":["i2 Technologies, 909 E. Las Colinas Blvd., Irving, Texas, USA, 75038","i2 Technologies, 909 E. Las Colinas Blvd., Irving, Texas, USA 75038#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"i2 Technologies, 909 E. Las Colinas Blvd., Irving, Texas, USA, 75038","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"i2 Technologies, 909 E. Las Colinas Blvd., Irving, Texas, USA 75038#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049786511","display_name":"Barry M. Fox","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295339012","display_name":"Boeing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04sm5zn07","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801120396","display_name":"Boeing (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/0346ase89","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012","https://openalex.org/I2801120396"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 516, Mail Stop S100-2377, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 63166-0516","The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 516, Mail Stop S100-2377, St. Louis, Missouri, USA 63166-0516#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 516, Mail Stop S100-2377, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, 63166-0516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801120396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 516, Mail Stop S100-2377, St. Louis, Missouri, USA 63166-0516#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295339012"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100812803","display_name":"Thomas Schiex","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schiex","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biometry and Artificial Intelligence, National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Toulouse, France","Department of Biometry and Artificial Intelligence, National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Toulouse, France#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biometry and Artificial Intelligence, National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biometry and Artificial Intelligence, National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), Toulouse, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21735959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2-3","first_page":"255","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13197","display_name":"Spreadsheets and End-User Computing","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2807270884513855}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2807270884513855}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1009786013035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009786013035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75534514","display_name":"Constraints","issn_l":"1383-7133","issn":["1383-7133","1572-9354"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Constraints","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524779265","https://openalex.org/W1560775400","https://openalex.org/W2129227768","https://openalex.org/W1511787862","https://openalex.org/W2167507191","https://openalex.org/W2089862004","https://openalex.org/W3137924527","https://openalex.org/W2165781838","https://openalex.org/W3008798196","https://openalex.org/W2916994852","https://openalex.org/W2916860573","https://openalex.org/W2916816102","https://openalex.org/W2916398697","https://openalex.org/W2915071578","https://openalex.org/W1999784766","https://openalex.org/W2916139061","https://openalex.org/W1992362341","https://openalex.org/W1535896115","https://openalex.org/W2997637288","https://openalex.org/W189722509"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
