{"id":"https://openalex.org/W64728298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008916205044","title":null,"display_name":null,"publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W64728298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008916205044","mag":"64728298"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1008916205044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008916205044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011395147","display_name":"K.H.A. Karkkainen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kari H.A. K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90401, Oulu, Finland","University of Oulu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, 90401 Oulu, Finland E-mail: kari.karkkainen@ee.oulu.fi#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90401, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, 90401 Oulu, Finland E-mail: kari.karkkainen@ee.oulu.fi#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042082841","display_name":"P. Lepp\u00e4nen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pentti A. Lepp\u00e4nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90401, Oulu, Finland","University of Oulu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, 90401 Oulu, Finland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4500, 90401, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Telecommunication Laboratory, P.O. Box 4500, 90401 Oulu, Finland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011395147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.605,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90203791,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"279","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":null,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7952680587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.5689224600791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.508061408996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46974995732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4529605507850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.43994614481925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4306083917617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4282607436180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.42741796374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3264775574207306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17828106880187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.17093881964683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16560402512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.16272419691085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08117201924324036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7952680587768555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.5689224600791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.508061408996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46974995732307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4529605507850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.43994614481925964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4306083917617798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4282607436180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.42741796374320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3264775574207306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17828106880187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.17093881964683533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16560402512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.16272419691085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08117201924324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1008916205044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008916205044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49967189","display_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","issn_l":"0929-6212","issn":["0929-6212","1572-834X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wireless Personal Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W435548540","https://openalex.org/W1481854356","https://openalex.org/W1985206802","https://openalex.org/W1985234893","https://openalex.org/W1992970500","https://openalex.org/W2012671328","https://openalex.org/W2020343838","https://openalex.org/W2033962024","https://openalex.org/W2036201099","https://openalex.org/W2042799657","https://openalex.org/W2067096554","https://openalex.org/W2109672127","https://openalex.org/W2113359329","https://openalex.org/W2117401156","https://openalex.org/W2121177340","https://openalex.org/W2135164042","https://openalex.org/W2135362658","https://openalex.org/W2141716068","https://openalex.org/W2143628169","https://openalex.org/W2155176456","https://openalex.org/W2158902874","https://openalex.org/W2166963467","https://openalex.org/W2167099484","https://openalex.org/W2167581816","https://openalex.org/W2170604877","https://openalex.org/W2545463252","https://openalex.org/W3200899302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357256365","https://openalex.org/W2348502264","https://openalex.org/W2365486383","https://openalex.org/W2362059367","https://openalex.org/W2901443725","https://openalex.org/W2350084742","https://openalex.org/W2066767660","https://openalex.org/W2357988862","https://openalex.org/W2138986309","https://openalex.org/W2352624503"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
