{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1603294728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008392113043","title":null,"display_name":null,"publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1603294728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008392113043","mag":"1603294728"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1008392113043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008392113043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81616010","display_name":"Designs Codes and Cryptography","issn_l":"0925-1022","issn":["0925-1022","1573-7586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designs, Codes and Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020873200","display_name":"Deirdre Smeltzer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161515732","display_name":"University of St. Thomas - Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfxvp80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Deirdre Longacher Smeltzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55105-1096","Department of Mathematics, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105-1096#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55105-1096","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of St. Thomas, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105-1096#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020873200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161515732"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73295536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"291","last_page":"306"},"is_retracted":null,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divisor","display_name":"Divisor (algebraic geometry)","score":0.720464289188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6764222383499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.6550107002258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.6396815776824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abelian-group","display_name":"Abelian group","score":0.6375272274017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.5927798748016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5123807191848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bent-molecular-geometry","display_name":"Bent molecular geometry","score":0.5093709230422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.49155959486961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4317629337310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.38923725485801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.3654467463493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28685253858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10948625206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.09602296352386475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203492994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909669","display_name":"Divisor (algebraic geometry)","level":2,"score":0.720464289188385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6764222383499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.6550107002258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6396815776824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136170076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181296","display_name":"Abelian group","level":2,"score":0.6375272274017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5927798748016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5123807191848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138211643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675211","display_name":"Bent molecular geometry","level":2,"score":0.5093709230422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.49155959486961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4317629337310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.38923725485801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.3654467463493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28685253858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10948625206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09602296352386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1008392113043","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008392113043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S81616010","display_name":"Designs Codes and Cryptography","issn_l":"0925-1022","issn":["0925-1022","1573-7586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Designs, Codes and Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121517661","https://openalex.org/W1606480398","https://openalex.org/W1995321311","https://openalex.org/W1996149172","https://openalex.org/W2004502213","https://openalex.org/W2029700997","https://openalex.org/W2032621156","https://openalex.org/W2046280773","https://openalex.org/W2053789337","https://openalex.org/W2058352686","https://openalex.org/W4211147273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2335716720","https://openalex.org/W2071445534","https://openalex.org/W2329706164","https://openalex.org/W42610648","https://openalex.org/W4293565717","https://openalex.org/W2949764448","https://openalex.org/W4297068499","https://openalex.org/W2391219220","https://openalex.org/W4235916564","https://openalex.org/W4387560998"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}