{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1544111116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008329513803","title":"What the #$*%! is a Subsymbol?","display_name":"What the #$*%! is a Subsymbol?","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1544111116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008329513803","mag":"1544111116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1008329513803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008329513803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060766218","display_name":"Istv\u00e1n S. N. Berkeley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Istv\u00e1n S. N. Berkeley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philosophy and Cognitive Science, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43770, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA, (E-mail: istvan@Louisiana.edu)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philosophy and Cognitive Science, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 43770, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA, (E-mail: istvan@Louisiana.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060766218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0527,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81934253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9621000289916992,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9616000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.8901426792144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6735608577728271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.6561984419822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5267238616943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-mind","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","score":0.4823457598686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47053202986717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.44476377964019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39504826068878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16501858830451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.14942455291748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11004182696342468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08735305070877075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.8901426792144775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6735608577728271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.6561984419822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5267238616943359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24726157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23407","display_name":"Philosophy of mind","level":3,"score":0.4823457598686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47053202986717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.44476377964019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39504826068878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16501858830451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.14942455291748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11004182696342468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08735305070877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1008329513803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008329513803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160466889","display_name":"Minds and Machines","issn_l":"0924-6495","issn":["0924-6495","1572-8641"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minds and Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309392","display_name":"Louisiana Board of Regents","ror":"https://ror.org/00jv89z46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162548580","https://openalex.org/W649198972","https://openalex.org/W1606740671","https://openalex.org/W1968079292","https://openalex.org/W1992492178","https://openalex.org/W2013825190","https://openalex.org/W2046827412","https://openalex.org/W2048822829","https://openalex.org/W2058877549","https://openalex.org/W2062251895","https://openalex.org/W2065077271","https://openalex.org/W2082521546","https://openalex.org/W2118373646","https://openalex.org/W2122988375","https://openalex.org/W2150161574","https://openalex.org/W2171668643","https://openalex.org/W2476507505","https://openalex.org/W2897894404","https://openalex.org/W4239909465","https://openalex.org/W4243781399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W615678800","https://openalex.org/W122840862","https://openalex.org/W4205841273","https://openalex.org/W1596913645","https://openalex.org/W113454158","https://openalex.org/W583107845","https://openalex.org/W2161202473","https://openalex.org/W4205525690","https://openalex.org/W1497673662","https://openalex.org/W2353026121"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}