{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1521196763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1007469231743","title":"Comments on \u201cCo-Evolution in the Successful Learning of Backgammon Strategy\u201d","display_name":"Comments on \u201cCo-Evolution in the Successful Learning of Backgammon Strategy\u201d","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1521196763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1007469231743","mag":"1521196763"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1007469231743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1007469231743","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1007469231743.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1007469231743.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113551673","display_name":"Gerald Tesauro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Tesauro","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598","IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598. E-mail: Email: tesauro@watson.ibm.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598. E-mail: Email: tesauro@watson.ibm.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113551673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2117,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88530709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"241","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7640649676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.750035285949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5108873248100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4957078695297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49238741397857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.443970263004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37276339530944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34348538517951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12340977787971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10743051767349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management","display_name":"Management","score":0.05923214554786682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7640649676322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.750035285949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5108873248100281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4957078695297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49238741397857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.443970263004303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37276339530944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34348538517951965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12340977787971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10743051767349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.05923214554786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1007469231743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1007469231743","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1007469231743.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1023/a:1007469231743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1007469231743","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1007469231743.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62148650","display_name":"Machine Learning","issn_l":"0885-6125","issn":["0885-6125","1573-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1521196763.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1521196763.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103626435","https://openalex.org/W2112180705","https://openalex.org/W4229739354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2011676020","https://openalex.org/W2770764537"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
