{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040010296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci900157k","title":"No Electron Left Behind: A Rule-Based Expert System To Predict Chemical Reactions and Reaction Mechanisms","display_name":"No Electron Left Behind: A Rule-Based Expert System To Predict Chemical Reactions and Reaction Mechanisms","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040010296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci900157k","mag":"2040010296","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19719121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/ci900157k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci900157k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167262187","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","issn_l":"1549-9596","issn":["1549-9596","1549-960X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046725885","display_name":"Jonathan H. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4387-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan H. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3435"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3435","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088813478","display_name":"Pierre Baldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Baldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3435"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3435","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088813478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91910559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"9","first_page":"2034","last_page":"2043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrosynthetic-analysis","display_name":"Retrosynthetic analysis","score":0.7891913652420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6732040643692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5270103216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.47968578338623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.36999306082725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3553614616394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.1329435408115387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42437451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902227","display_name":"Retrosynthetic analysis","level":3,"score":0.7891913652420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6732040643692017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5270103216171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.47968578338623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36999306082725525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3553614616394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1329435408115387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35753019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644785","display_name":"Total synthesis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008956","descriptor_name":"Models, Chemical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013237","descriptor_name":"Stereoisomerism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013237","descriptor_name":"Stereoisomerism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013237","descriptor_name":"Stereoisomerism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013237","descriptor_name":"Stereoisomerism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020650","descriptor_name":"Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020650","descriptor_name":"Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020650","descriptor_name":"Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020650","descriptor_name":"Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/ci900157k","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci900157k","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167262187","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","issn_l":"1549-9596","issn":["1549-9596","1549-960X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19719121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19719121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of chemical information and modeling","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2009096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2758223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6622250571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T15 LM007443","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G77261453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LM-07443-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","funder_display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306315","display_name":"Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/019p8h045"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337372","display_name":"U.S. National Library of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0060t0j89"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W635830827","https://openalex.org/W657191541","https://openalex.org/W1502429606","https://openalex.org/W1503382362","https://openalex.org/W1548551133","https://openalex.org/W1551793608","https://openalex.org/W1877240949","https://openalex.org/W1987470703","https://openalex.org/W2001496974","https://openalex.org/W2035031507","https://openalex.org/W2036593791","https://openalex.org/W2064535969","https://openalex.org/W2067087023","https://openalex.org/W2076703591","https://openalex.org/W2085276885","https://openalex.org/W2091921323","https://openalex.org/W2093205000","https://openalex.org/W2105966118","https://openalex.org/W2121360698","https://openalex.org/W2167187529","https://openalex.org/W2206840988","https://openalex.org/W2328708083","https://openalex.org/W2408961567","https://openalex.org/W2950140222","https://openalex.org/W2951479592","https://openalex.org/W3201373860","https://openalex.org/W4251903194","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300724686"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387497383","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W2607424097","https://openalex.org/W2606230654","https://openalex.org/W2384464875","https://openalex.org/W842446299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"the":[1,71],"course":[2],"and":[3,65,87,118],"major":[4],"products":[5],"of":[6,23,48,73,94,105],"arbitrary":[7],"reactions":[8,42,83],"is":[9,34],"a":[10,21,45],"fundamental":[11],"problem":[12],"in":[13,20,76,112],"chemistry,":[14],"one":[15],"that":[16,81],"chemists":[17],"must":[18],"address":[19],"variety":[22],"tasks":[24],"ranging":[25],"from":[26],"synthesis":[27],"design":[28],"to":[29,38,61],"reaction":[30,53,68,78,91,107],"discovery.":[31],"Described":[32],"here":[33],"an":[35],"expert":[36,96],"system":[37,97],"predict":[39],"organic":[40,113],"chemical":[41],"based":[43],"on":[44],"knowledge":[46],"base":[47],"over":[49],"1500":[50],"manually":[51],"composed":[52],"transformation":[54],"rules.":[55],"Novel":[56],"rule":[57],"extensions":[58],"are":[59,84,98,125],"introduced":[60],"enable":[62],"robust":[63],"predictions":[64],"describe":[66],"detailed":[67,106],"mechanisms":[69],"at":[70],"level":[72],"electron":[74],"flows":[75],"elementary":[77],"steps,":[79],"ensuring":[80],"all":[82],"properly":[85],"balanced":[86],"atom-mapped.":[88],"The":[89],"core":[90],"prediction":[92,104],"functionalities":[93],"this":[95],"illustrated":[99],"with":[100],"applications":[101,124],"including:":[102],"(1)":[103],"mechanisms;":[108],"(2)":[109],"computer-based":[110],"learning":[111],"chemistry;":[114],"(3)":[115],"retrosynthetic":[116],"analysis;":[117],"(4)":[119],"combinatorial":[120],"library":[121],"design.":[122],"Select":[123],"available":[126],"via":[127],"http://cdb.ics.uci.edu.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T06:14:20.161405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
