{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2203679171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci020051a","title":"On A Four-Dimensional Representation of DNA Primary Sequences","display_name":"On A Four-Dimensional Representation of DNA Primary Sequences","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2203679171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci020051a","mag":"2203679171","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12653518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/ci020051a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci020051a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171559003","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0095-2338","issn":["0095-2338","1520-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081252768","display_name":"Milan Randi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1169-4701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87213936","display_name":"Drake University","ror":"https://ror.org/001skmk61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87213936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164185940","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0k4e67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164185940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Milan Randi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 53311, and Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 53311, and Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164185940","https://openalex.org/I87213936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110334725","display_name":"Alexandr\u00f9 T. Balaban","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87213936","display_name":"Drake University","ror":"https://ror.org/001skmk61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87213936"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164185940","display_name":"Texas A&M University at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0k4e67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164185940"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandru T. Balaban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 53311, and Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 53311, and Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164185940","https://openalex.org/I87213936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081252768"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164185940","https://openalex.org/I87213936"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":121,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94518529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"2","first_page":"532","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10432","display_name":"DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12748","display_name":"Molecular spectroscopy and chirality","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6993907690048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6740050315856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.5756555795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence-logo","display_name":"Sequence logo","score":0.5597215890884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5429834723472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5202387571334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.47469016909599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4524867832660675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exon","display_name":"Exon","score":0.4199325144290924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.41744309663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna","display_name":"DNA","score":0.39355209469795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32042184472084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.2912701964378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2882723808288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.23164477944374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-sequence","display_name":"Base sequence","score":0.209648996591568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-sequence","display_name":"Consensus sequence","score":0.16136345267295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.09273526072502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09106677770614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.0875726044178009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6993907690048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6740050315856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.5756555795669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105082737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452470","display_name":"Sequence logo","level":5,"score":0.5597215890884399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5429834723472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5202387571334839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.47469016909599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4524867832660675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36823959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373027","display_name":"Exon","level":3,"score":0.4199325144290924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.41744309663772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.39355209469795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32042184472084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.2912701964378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2882723808288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23164477944374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017666073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764062","display_name":"Base sequence","level":3,"score":0.209648996591568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54985914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295754","display_name":"Consensus sequence","level":4,"score":0.16136345267295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.09273526072502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09106677770614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0875726044178009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005091","descriptor_name":"Exons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005091","descriptor_name":"Exons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005091","descriptor_name":"Exons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005914","descriptor_name":"Globins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005914","descriptor_name":"Globins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005914","descriptor_name":"Globins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012689","descriptor_name":"Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012689","descriptor_name":"Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012689","descriptor_name":"Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/ci020051a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ci020051a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171559003","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences","issn_l":"0095-2338","issn":["0095-2338","1520-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12653518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12653518","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of chemical information and computer sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987284672","https://openalex.org/W2021276449","https://openalex.org/W2024044281","https://openalex.org/W2134473756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352780564","https://openalex.org/W2951456844","https://openalex.org/W70397127","https://openalex.org/W2118812285","https://openalex.org/W2582733070","https://openalex.org/W2352701899","https://openalex.org/W3213826069","https://openalex.org/W4205207611","https://openalex.org/W1987106229","https://openalex.org/W4235905742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"consider":[1],"a":[2,69,110,114],"four-dimensional":[3],"representation":[4,36,49],"of":[5,13,33,37,46,71,81,95,113],"DNA":[6,38,74],"primary":[7,39],"sequences":[8,40,75],"by":[9,52],"assigning":[10],"to":[11,77,91,109],"each":[12],"the":[14,25,34,44,47,59,78,93,102,117],"four":[15,26],"basic":[16],"amino":[17],"acids":[18],"A,":[19],"T,":[20],"G,":[21],"C":[22],"directions":[23],"along":[24,116],"orthogonal":[27],"coordinate":[28],"axes.":[29],"Advantages":[30],"and":[31,43,65],"limitations":[32],"novel":[35,54,97],"are":[41,89],"discussed,":[42],"use":[45,94],"4-D":[48],"is":[50],"illustrated":[51],"constructing":[53],"sequence":[55,98,106],"invariants.":[56],"Comparisons":[57],"with":[58],"similarity/dissimilarity":[60],"results":[61],"based":[62,100],"on":[63,101],"2-D":[64],"3-D":[66],"representations":[67],"for":[68],"set":[70],"eight":[72,85],"short":[73],"corresponding":[76],"first":[79],"exon":[80],"beta":[82],"globin":[83],"in":[84,104],"species,":[86],"including":[87],"human,":[88],"considered":[90],"illustrate":[92],"our":[96],"invariants":[99],"entries":[103],"derived":[105],"matrices":[107],"restricted":[108],"selected":[111],"width":[112],"band":[115],"main":[118],"diagonal.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}