{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412698131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.5c00986","title":"SMILES Token Additivity Model with Interpretability and Generalizability for Fuel Property Predictions","display_name":"SMILES Token Additivity Model with Interpretability and Generalizability for Fuel Property Predictions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412698131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.5c00986","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40719477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5c00986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.5c00986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167262187","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","issn_l":"1549-9596","issn":["1549-9596","1549-960X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102405874","display_name":"Mengxin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4932-448X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengxin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering","Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074506314","display_name":"Guanlin Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanlin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering","Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016679443","display_name":"Long Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-1153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longhui Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering","Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023510217","display_name":"Haisheng Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8638-7570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haisheng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education","School of Chemical Engineering","Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry of Education","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023510217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6516,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86918271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"15","first_page":"8022","last_page":"8032"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10798","display_name":"Crystallography and molecular interactions","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8369842767715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-structure\u2013activity-relationship","display_name":"Quantitative structure\u2013activity relationship","score":0.7166130542755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.6907524466514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-point","display_name":"Flash point","score":0.5890458822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5343301296234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-function","display_name":"Additive function","score":0.526205837726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5258116126060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5146968960762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.49747470021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4751308262348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3767695724964142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.31403371691703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27884727716445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2092157006263733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8369842767715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164126121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766383","display_name":"Quantitative structure\u2013activity relationship","level":2,"score":0.7166130542755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.6907524466514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162015975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194376","display_name":"Flash point","level":2,"score":0.5890458822250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5343301296234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38803922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95745348","display_name":"Additive function","level":2,"score":0.526205837726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5258116126060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5146968960762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.49747470021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4751308262348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3767695724964142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31403371691703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27884727716445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2092157006263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021281","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D021281","descriptor_name":"Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.5c00986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.5c00986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167262187","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","issn_l":"1549-9596","issn":["1549-9596","1549-960X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40719477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40719477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of chemical information and modeling","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320527564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21903057","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1810943226","https://openalex.org/W1964189755","https://openalex.org/W1975147762","https://openalex.org/W1981276685","https://openalex.org/W2038702914","https://openalex.org/W2046589863","https://openalex.org/W2070633132","https://openalex.org/W2080635178","https://openalex.org/W2087995350","https://openalex.org/W2159562645","https://openalex.org/W2290847742","https://openalex.org/W2503576964","https://openalex.org/W2509639622","https://openalex.org/W2529996553","https://openalex.org/W2604296437","https://openalex.org/W2606363443","https://openalex.org/W2790546787","https://openalex.org/W2791355014","https://openalex.org/W2805566720","https://openalex.org/W2914757825","https://openalex.org/W2950128007","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2971267910","https://openalex.org/W2973114758","https://openalex.org/W2986232138","https://openalex.org/W2986307427","https://openalex.org/W2999001809","https://openalex.org/W3043767409","https://openalex.org/W3100157108","https://openalex.org/W3102693939","https://openalex.org/W3120660515","https://openalex.org/W3127107417","https://openalex.org/W3138781613","https://openalex.org/W4225823287","https://openalex.org/W4285007377","https://openalex.org/W4285043439","https://openalex.org/W4286895367","https://openalex.org/W4304184517","https://openalex.org/W4309772002","https://openalex.org/W4315708854","https://openalex.org/W4372046852","https://openalex.org/W4381382068","https://openalex.org/W4384338724","https://openalex.org/W4386357078","https://openalex.org/W4387473820","https://openalex.org/W4388680443","https://openalex.org/W4391092650","https://openalex.org/W4392952493","https://openalex.org/W4394665502","https://openalex.org/W4394666973","https://openalex.org/W4394904523","https://openalex.org/W4407366140","https://openalex.org/W4407742988","https://openalex.org/W4407792810","https://openalex.org/W4408925102","https://openalex.org/W4411616017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,191],"models":[2,192],"for":[3,36],"the":[4,24,62,67,77,99,201],"quantitative":[5],"structure-property":[6,63],"relationship":[7],"(QSPR)":[8],"have":[9],"traditionally":[10],"encountered":[11],"challenges":[12],"related":[13],"to":[14,52,72,90,188],"limited":[15],"interpretability":[16],"and":[17,46,127,151,168,208],"generalizability.":[18],"In":[19],"this":[20],"study,":[21],"we":[22],"present":[23],"simplified":[25],"molecular":[26,54,83],"input":[27,45],"line":[28],"entry":[29],"system":[30],"(SMILES)":[31],"token":[32],"additivity":[33],"(STA)":[34],"model":[35,58,79],"accurately":[37],"predicting":[38],"fuel":[39,104],"properties,":[40],"which":[41],"takes":[42],"SMILES":[43],"as":[44],"employs":[47],"stacked":[48],"multihead":[49],"self-attention":[50],"encoders":[51],"extract":[53],"structural":[55],"information.":[56],"This":[57],"provides":[59],"insights":[60],"into":[61],"relationships":[64],"by":[65],"quantifying":[66],"contributions":[68],"of":[69,88,94,106,109,144,159,203],"individual":[70],"tokens":[71,205],"target":[73],"properties.":[74,96],"Furthermore,":[75],"since":[76],"STA":[78],"operates":[80],"without":[81],"handcrafted":[82],"fingerprints,":[84],"it":[85,183],"is":[86],"capable":[87],"generalizing":[89],"a":[91],"broad":[92],"spectrum":[93],"structure-related":[95],"To":[97],"validate":[98],"model's":[100],"efficacy,":[101],"seven":[102],"critical":[103],"properties":[105,173],"standard":[107],"enthalpy":[108],"formation":[110],"(\u0394<sub><i>f</i></sub><i>H</i>\u00b0),":[111,147],"entropy":[112],"(<i>S</i>),":[113,150],"isobaric":[114],"heat":[115],"capacity":[116],"(<i>C</i><sub>p</sub>),":[117,154],"cetane":[118],"number":[119],"(CN),":[120,161],"boiling":[121],"point":[122,125,129],"(BP),":[123,164],"melting":[124],"(MP),":[126,167],"flash":[128],"(FP)":[130],"were":[131],"tested.":[132],"The":[133,179],"10-fold":[134],"cross-validation":[135],"demonstrated":[136],"outstanding":[137],"predictive":[138,185],"accuracy,":[139],"with":[140],"mean":[141],"absolute":[142],"errors":[143,157],"1.86":[145],"kcal/mol":[146],"0.62":[148],"kcal/mol/K":[149,153],"1.82":[152],"alongside":[155],"root-mean-square":[156],"(RMSE)":[158],"4.90":[160],"11.27":[162],"\u00b0C":[163,166,170],"14.09":[165],"9.47":[169],"(FP).":[171],"All":[172],"achieved":[174],"<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>":[175],"values":[176],"exceeding":[177],"0.95.":[178],"results":[180],"demonstrate":[181],"that":[182],"achieves":[184],"accuracy":[186],"comparable":[187],"conventional":[189],"machine":[190],"relying":[193],"on":[194,206],"sophisticated":[195],"feature":[196],"engineering":[197],"while":[198],"also":[199],"identifying":[200],"effect":[202],"key":[204],"\u0394<sub><i>f</i></sub><i>H</i>\u00b0":[207],"CN.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
