{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407026132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","title":"MechBERT: Language Models for Extracting Chemical and Property Relationships about Mechanical Stress and Strain","display_name":"MechBERT: Language Models for Extracting Chemical and Property Relationships about Mechanical Stress and Strain","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407026132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39888859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167262187","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","issn_l":"1549-9596","issn":["1549-9596","1549-960X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747926","display_name":"Pankaj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5401-8482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286704778","display_name":"Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq8fr08","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778","https://openalex.org/I162524378","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092957","display_name":"Research Complex at Harwell","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqx0331","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152483","display_name":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8fg661","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162524378","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387152483"]}],"countries":["GB","SS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pankaj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE. U.K","ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","Research Complex at Harwell","Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE. U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386","https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Complex at Harwell","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013228165","display_name":"Saurabh Kabra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-6287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286704778","display_name":"Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq8fr08","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778","https://openalex.org/I162524378","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152483","display_name":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8fg661","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162524378","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387152483"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Kabra","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068607578","display_name":"Jacqueline M. Cole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-8743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286704778","display_name":"Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq8fr08","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778","https://openalex.org/I162524378","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092957","display_name":"Research Complex at Harwell","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqx0331","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096386","display_name":"Bridge University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbm0437","country_code":"SS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152483","display_name":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","ror":"https://ror.org/01t8fg661","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162524378","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387152483"]}],"countries":["GB","SS"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline M. Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE. U.K","ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","Research Complex at Harwell","Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE. U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096386","https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Complex at Harwell","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068607578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286704778","https://openalex.org/I241749","https://openalex.org/I4210092957","https://openalex.org/I4210096386","https://openalex.org/I4387152483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9306,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83961313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"4","first_page":"1873","last_page":"1888"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strain","display_name":"Strain (injury)","score":0.6556260585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.6176980137825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.5488662123680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress\u2013strain-curve","display_name":"Stress\u2013strain curve","score":0.510221004486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.308036744594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.19647082686424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.17733094096183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.1709730327129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08886703848838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07965368032455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.0736040472984314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576145","display_name":"Strain (injury)","level":2,"score":0.6556260585784912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6176980137825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5488662123680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518456604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899599","display_name":"Stress\u2013strain curve","level":3,"score":0.510221004486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.308036744594574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.19647082686424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.17733094096183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.1709730327129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08886703848838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07965368032455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0736040472984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009323","descriptor_name":"Natural Language Processing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013314","descriptor_name":"Stress, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013314","descriptor_name":"Stress, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013314","descriptor_name":"Stress, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013314","descriptor_name":"Stress, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013314","descriptor_name":"Stress, Mechanical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167262187","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","issn_l":"1549-9596","issn":["1549-9596","1549-960X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39888859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39888859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of chemical information and modeling","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11863389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11863389","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11863389/pdf/ci4c00857.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Chem Inf Model","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/380697","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/380697","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/25504823-c414-4e0a-842a-055f94bd8efe/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2510512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2510512","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2522681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2522681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:purl.org/net/epubs:work/60790828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://epubs.stfc.ac.uk/work/60790828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400334","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167262187","display_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","issn_l":"1549-9596","issn":["1549-9596","1549-960X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1531024995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCSRF1819\\7\\10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","funder_display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334632","display_name":"Science and Technology Facilities Council","ror":"https://ror.org/057g20z61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337480","display_name":"Basic Energy Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05mg91w61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338254","display_name":"ISIS Neutron and Muon Source","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502957213","https://openalex.org/W2163272368","https://openalex.org/W2523785361","https://openalex.org/W2599674900","https://openalex.org/W2808304511","https://openalex.org/W2891434004","https://openalex.org/W2911489562","https://openalex.org/W2914304175","https://openalex.org/W2950784811","https://openalex.org/W2992302948","https://openalex.org/W3006937107","https://openalex.org/W3047398431","https://openalex.org/W3081168214","https://openalex.org/W3115677442","https://openalex.org/W3200122731","https://openalex.org/W3201869313","https://openalex.org/W4214535912","https://openalex.org/W4221047533","https://openalex.org/W4225378608","https://openalex.org/W4225409008","https://openalex.org/W4229443452","https://openalex.org/W4239019441","https://openalex.org/W4251247712","https://openalex.org/W4281617541","https://openalex.org/W4298110867","https://openalex.org/W4307139584","https://openalex.org/W4327913228","https://openalex.org/W4386955948","https://openalex.org/W4390951820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4404995717","https://openalex.org/W2016187641","https://openalex.org/W4404725684","https://openalex.org/W4246450666","https://openalex.org/W4388998267","https://openalex.org/W2898370298","https://openalex.org/W2137437058","https://openalex.org/W4405893659","https://openalex.org/W2028435756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Language":[0],"models":[1,30,45,77,134,165,168,181,196],"are":[2,31,111],"transforming":[3],"materials-aware":[4],"natural-language":[5],"processing":[6,201],"by":[7],"enabling":[8],"the":[9,21,33,128,147,150,170,189],"extraction":[10],"of":[11,23,37,74,101,108,130,132,149,154,169,208],"dynamic,":[12],"context-rich":[13],"information":[14],"from":[15],"unstructured":[16],"text,":[17],"thus,":[18],"moving":[19],"beyond":[20],"limitations":[22],"traditional":[24],"information-extraction":[25],"methods.":[26],"Moreover,":[27],"small":[28,194],"language":[29,44,76,195],"on":[32,59,105,123,135,157],"rise":[34],"because":[35],"some":[36],"them":[38,214],"can":[39],"perform":[40],"better":[41,176],"than":[42,177,221],"large":[43],"(LLMs)":[46],"when":[47,182],"given":[48],"domain-specific":[49,136,185],"question-answer":[50,142],"tasks,":[51],"especially":[52],"about":[53],"an":[54],"application":[55],"area":[56],"that":[57,110,162],"relies":[58],"a":[60,71,106,204],"highly":[61],"specialized":[62],"vernacular,":[63],"such":[64],"as":[65,137,139],"materials":[66],"science.":[67],"We":[68,95,126,160],"therefore":[69],"present":[70],"new":[72],"class":[73],"MechBERT":[75,98,164],"for":[78,91],"understanding":[79],"mechanical":[80],"stress":[81],"and":[82,116,120,144,152,173,202,218],"strain":[83],"in":[84,114],"materials.":[85],"These":[86,193],"employ":[87],"Bidirectional":[88],"Encoder":[89],"Representations":[90],"transformer":[92],"(BERT)":[93],"architectures.":[94],"showcase":[96],"four":[97],"models,":[99],"all":[100],"which":[102],"were":[103,121],"pretrained":[104],"corpus":[107],"documents":[109],"textually":[112],"rich":[113],"chemicals":[115],"their":[117],"stress-strain":[118,190],"properties":[119],"fine-tuned":[122],"question-answering":[124,186],"tasks.":[125],"evaluated":[127],"level":[129],"performance":[131],"our":[133,163],"well":[138],"general":[140],"English-language":[141],"tasks":[143,187],"also":[145,197],"explored":[146],"influence":[148],"size":[151,172],"type":[153],"BERT":[155],"architectures":[156],"model":[158],"performance.":[159],"find":[161],"outperform":[166],"BERT-based":[167,180],"same":[171],"maintain":[174],"relevancy":[175],"much":[178,199,205],"larger":[179],"tasked":[183],"with":[184],"within":[188],"engineering":[191],"sector.":[192],"enable":[198],"faster":[200],"require":[203],"smaller":[206],"fraction":[207],"data":[209],"to":[210],"pretrain":[211],"them,":[212],"affording":[213],"greater":[215],"operational":[216],"efficiency":[217],"energy":[219],"sustainability":[220],"LLMs.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}