{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131236983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755020309990141","title":"DEFINING KNOWLEDGE IN TERMS OF BELIEF: THE MODAL LOGIC PERSPECTIVE","display_name":"DEFINING KNOWLEDGE IN TERMS OF BELIEF: THE MODAL LOGIC PERSPECTIVE","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131236983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755020309990141","mag":"2131236983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1755020309990141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755020309990141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24077076","display_name":"The Review of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"1755-0203","issn":["1755-0203","1755-0211"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087025582","display_name":"Joseph Y. Halpern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-1663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156583","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris-Nord","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1zjw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210091279","https://openalex.org/I4210156583","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JOSEPH Y. HALPERN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156583","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037277545","display_name":"Dov Samet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"DOV SAMET","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056636974","display_name":"Ella Segev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-2562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ELLA SEGEV","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037277545","https://openalex.org/A5056636974","https://openalex.org/A5087025582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I174306211","https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4210156583"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89831765,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"469","last_page":"487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doxastic-logic","display_name":"Doxastic logic","score":0.9005797505378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiom","display_name":"Axiom","score":0.6935262680053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-revision","display_name":"Belief revision","score":0.6048933863639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.5901590585708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-modal-logic","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","score":0.5089561939239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.4998011589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal-logic","display_name":"Modal logic","score":0.47025975584983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4688851535320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4559389650821686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36974167823791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20550137758255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.17228931188583374}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68435242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669180","display_name":"Doxastic logic","level":2,"score":0.9005797505378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.6935262680053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128913409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3566063","display_name":"Belief revision","level":2,"score":0.6048933863639832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.5901590585708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107247716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347436","display_name":"Epistemic modal logic","level":4,"score":0.5089561939239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4998011589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27508121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210841","display_name":"Modal logic","level":3,"score":0.47025975584983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4688851535320282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4559389650821686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36974167823791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20550137758255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.17228931188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1755020309990141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755020309990141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24077076","display_name":"The Review of Symbolic Logic","issn_l":"1755-0203","issn":["1755-0203","1755-0211"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of Symbolic Logic","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.163.2826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.163.2826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tau.ac.il/ijgt/papers/definability2.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5642659","https://openalex.org/W145304015","https://openalex.org/W149610102","https://openalex.org/W1942543231","https://openalex.org/W1964307898","https://openalex.org/W1966129247","https://openalex.org/W1976562500","https://openalex.org/W2001917952","https://openalex.org/W2009552408","https://openalex.org/W2033644995","https://openalex.org/W2056615219","https://openalex.org/W2063770561","https://openalex.org/W2090068334","https://openalex.org/W2136843524","https://openalex.org/W2145003065","https://openalex.org/W2610670723","https://openalex.org/W3171543844","https://openalex.org/W3193655215","https://openalex.org/W3216548475","https://openalex.org/W4205801708","https://openalex.org/W4211144022","https://openalex.org/W4212874497","https://openalex.org/W4229971457","https://openalex.org/W4244929417","https://openalex.org/W4251671828","https://openalex.org/W4254030878","https://openalex.org/W4298217536","https://openalex.org/W4386771575","https://openalex.org/W6605963064","https://openalex.org/W6658909216","https://openalex.org/W6804906224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502645024","https://openalex.org/W68270579","https://openalex.org/W2974949998","https://openalex.org/W2058814709","https://openalex.org/W188879371","https://openalex.org/W2748838717","https://openalex.org/W2197866351","https://openalex.org/W2980241777","https://openalex.org/W2621250809","https://openalex.org/W4214913825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"question":[1],"of":[2,9,30,38,56,70,83,107],"whether":[3],"knowledge":[4,66,86,103,108,123,134],"is":[5,24,51,62,129],"definable":[6],"in":[7,17,27,73,81],"terms":[8,82],"belief,":[10,92,114],"which":[11],"has":[12],"played":[13],"an":[14],"important":[15],"role":[16],"epistemology":[18],"for":[19],"the":[20,28,54,99],"last":[21],"50":[22],"years,":[23],"studied":[25],"here":[26],"framework":[29],"epistemic":[31],"and":[32,46,59,104,140,152],"doxastic":[33],"logics":[34],".":[35,127],"Three":[36],"notions":[37,106],"definability":[39,50,58],"are":[40,145],"considered:":[41],"explicit":[42,49],"definability,":[43,45],"implicit":[44,57],"reducibility,":[47],"where":[48],"equivalent":[52],"to":[53,96,119,138],"combination":[55],"reducibility.":[60],"It":[61,128],"shown":[63,131],"that":[64,132,143,148],"if":[65],"satisfies":[67],"any":[68],"set":[69],"axioms":[71,147],"contained":[72],"S5,":[74],"then":[75],"it":[76,120],"cannot":[77,109,135],"be":[78,88,110,117,136],"explicitly":[79],"defined":[80,90,112],"belief.":[84],"S5":[85,133],"can":[87,116],"implicitly":[89,111],"by":[91,113,121],"but":[93,115],"not":[94],"reduced":[95,118,137],"it.":[97],"On":[98],"other":[100],"hand,":[101],"S4.4":[102],"weaker":[105],"defining":[122],"as":[124],"true":[125],"belief":[126,139,151],"also":[130],"justification,":[141],"provided":[142],"there":[144],"no":[146],"involve":[149],"both":[150],"justification.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}