{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041014105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135132492000039x","title":"Automatic generation of lexica for sentiment polarity shifters","display_name":"Automatic generation of lexica for sentiment polarity shifters","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041014105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135132492000039x","mag":"3041014105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s135132492000039x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135132492000039x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E6028995177428DAFB724669F74CDF44/S135132492000039Xa.pdf/div-class-title-automatic-generation-of-lexica-for-sentiment-polarity-shifters-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E6028995177428DAFB724669F74CDF44/S135132492000039Xa.pdf/div-class-title-automatic-generation-of-lexica-for-sentiment-polarity-shifters-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036949565","display_name":"Marc Schulder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-8489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099471","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for the German Language","ror":"https://ror.org/00hvwkt50","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120512","display_name":"Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft des Saarlandes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ge27m07","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120512"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Schulder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fr Deutsche Gebrdensprache, Gorch-Fock-Wall 7, 20354 Hamburg, Germany and","Universitt des Saarlandes, Sprach-& Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbrcken, Germany,","Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Sprach- & Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Deutsche Geb\u00e4rdensprache, Gorch-Fock-Wall 7, 20354 Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-8489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fr Deutsche Gebrdensprache, Gorch-Fock-Wall 7, 20354 Hamburg, Germany and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitt des Saarlandes, Sprach-& Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbrcken, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Sprach- & Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Deutsche Geb\u00e4rdensprache, Gorch-Fock-Wall 7, 20354 Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060170090","display_name":"Michael Wiegand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5403-1078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099471","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for the German Language","ror":"https://ror.org/00hvwkt50","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120512","display_name":"Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik und Wirtschaft des Saarlandes","ror":"https://ror.org/02ge27m07","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120512"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91712215","display_name":"Saarland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdpyv68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Wiegand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","Universitt des Saarlandes, Sprach-& Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbrcken, Germany,","Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Sprach- & Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitt des Saarlandes, Sprach-& Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbrcken, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t des Saarlandes, Sprach- & Signalverarbeitung, C7 1, 66123 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91712215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011827545","display_name":"Josef Ruppenhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-7618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099471","display_name":"Leibniz Institute for the German Language","ror":"https://ror.org/00hvwkt50","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josef Ruppenhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut fr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut fr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036949565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471","https://openalex.org/I4210120512","https://openalex.org/I91712215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81001272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"153","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11795","display_name":"Humor Studies and Applications","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8449404239654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.8171736001968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.7887017726898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarity","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","score":0.7601065635681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6924679279327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.6452475786209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.6248666644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6235730051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noun","display_name":"Noun","score":0.6125715970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.4154629111289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.336905837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07170876860618591}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8449404239654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.8171736001968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.7887017726898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777361361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112585","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","level":3,"score":0.7601065635681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6924679279327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.6452475786209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6248666644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6235730051994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121934690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1084","display_name":"Noun","level":2,"score":0.6125715970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.4154629111289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.336905837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07170876860618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s135132492000039x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135132492000039x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E6028995177428DAFB724669F74CDF44/S135132492000039Xa.pdf/div-class-title-automatic-generation-of-lexica-for-sentiment-polarity-shifters-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ids-pub.bsz-bw.de:9989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:mh39-99895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401750","display_name":"Publication Server of the Institute for German Language (Institute for German Language)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210099471","host_organization_name":"Leibniz Institute for the German Language","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099471"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s135132492000039x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135132492000039x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/E6028995177428DAFB724669F74CDF44/S135132492000039Xa.pdf/div-class-title-automatic-generation-of-lexica-for-sentiment-polarity-shifters-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041014105.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041014105.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43192923","https://openalex.org/W130925894","https://openalex.org/W1522920269","https://openalex.org/W1538166206","https://openalex.org/W1565039230","https://openalex.org/W1576520375","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1968234402","https://openalex.org/W2011450768","https://openalex.org/W2022204871","https://openalex.org/W2034740856","https://openalex.org/W2043335066","https://openalex.org/W2045699248","https://openalex.org/W2047756776","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2055518963","https://openalex.org/W2056021151","https://openalex.org/W2057052429","https://openalex.org/W2084046180","https://openalex.org/W2086971742","https://openalex.org/W2094061585","https://openalex.org/W2098162425","https://openalex.org/W2102134623","https://openalex.org/W2102381086","https://openalex.org/W2105827650","https://openalex.org/W2105834893","https://openalex.org/W2108646579","https://openalex.org/W2110234338","https://openalex.org/W2115792525","https://openalex.org/W2123317898","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2134199742","https://openalex.org/W2151117253","https://openalex.org/W2158184123","https://openalex.org/W2160052288","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2178029186","https://openalex.org/W2250495969","https://openalex.org/W2250835245","https://openalex.org/W2250861254","https://openalex.org/W2250883848","https://openalex.org/W2251721284","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2398614220","https://openalex.org/W2467466606","https://openalex.org/W2511478665","https://openalex.org/W2739387017","https://openalex.org/W2773524130","https://openalex.org/W2799074411","https://openalex.org/W2805526730","https://openalex.org/W2807118750","https://openalex.org/W2881692727","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2962724755","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963691697","https://openalex.org/W2964216356","https://openalex.org/W3088209710","https://openalex.org/W4211186029","https://openalex.org/W4213168938","https://openalex.org/W6601732736","https://openalex.org/W6632277028","https://openalex.org/W6634054411","https://openalex.org/W6634442568","https://openalex.org/W6679797431","https://openalex.org/W6682459395","https://openalex.org/W6742122162","https://openalex.org/W6751955516","https://openalex.org/W6769430610","https://openalex.org/W6783340080","https://openalex.org/W6824730523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059922809","https://openalex.org/W1534274833","https://openalex.org/W3117246195","https://openalex.org/W2177124732","https://openalex.org/W4210537611","https://openalex.org/W2145128020","https://openalex.org/W2359533411","https://openalex.org/W2376091441","https://openalex.org/W1984947604","https://openalex.org/W2594026332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Alleviating":[1],"pain":[2],"is":[3,8,99,206],"good":[4],"and":[5,17,39,57,91,140,215],"abandoning":[6],"hope":[7],"bad.":[9],"We":[10,118],"instinctively":[11],"understand":[12],"how":[13],"words":[14,31],"like":[15],"alleviate":[16],"abandon":[18],"affect":[19],"the":[20,143,167],"polarity":[21,46,133,211,218],"of":[22,61,81,124,132,170,185],"a":[23,51,78,129,155,183,210,217],"phrase,":[24],"inverting":[25],"or":[26,200],"weakening":[27],"it.":[28],"When":[29],"these":[30],"are":[32,50,102,191],"content":[33],"words,":[34,84,109],"such":[35,85],"as":[36,45,86],"verbs,":[37,138],"nouns,":[38,139],"adjectives,":[40],"we":[41,153],"refer":[42],"to":[43,114,120,165],"them":[44],"shifters":[47,101,134],".":[48,93],"Shifters":[49],"frequent":[52],"occurrence":[53],"in":[54,65],"human":[55,163],"language":[56],"an":[58],"important":[59],"part":[60],"successfully":[62],"modeling":[63,72],"negation":[64,71,83,108],"sentiment":[66],"analysis;":[67],"yet":[68],"research":[69],"on":[70,77,193,209,216],"has":[73],"focused":[74],"almost":[75],"exclusively":[76],"small":[79],"handful":[80],"closed-class":[82],"not":[87],",":[88,90],"no":[89,111],"without":[92],"A":[94],"major":[95],"reason":[96],"for":[97],"this":[98,122],"that":[100,135,158],"far":[103],"more":[104],"lexically":[105],"diverse":[106],"than":[107],"but":[110],"resources":[112,126,199],"exist":[113],"help":[115],"identify":[116],"them.":[117],"seek":[119],"remedy":[121],"lack":[123],"shifter":[125,212],"by":[127,146,177],"introducing":[128],"large":[130],"lexicon":[131,144,172,205],"covers":[136],"English":[137],"adjectives.":[141],"Creating":[142],"entirely":[145],"hand":[147],"would":[148],"be":[149],"prohibitively":[150],"expensive.":[151],"Instead,":[152],"develop":[154],"bootstrapping":[156],"approach":[157,181],"combines":[159],"automatic":[160],"classification":[161,219],"with":[162],"verification":[164],"ensure":[166],"high":[168],"quality":[169],"our":[171],"while":[173,188],"reducing":[174],"annotation":[175],"costs":[176],"over":[178],"70%.":[179],"Our":[180],"leverages":[182],"number":[184],"linguistic":[186],"insights;":[187],"some":[189],"features":[190],"based":[192],"textual":[194],"patterns,":[195],"others":[196],"use":[197],"semantic":[198],"syntactic":[201],"relatedness.":[202],"The":[203],"created":[204],"evaluated":[207],"both":[208],"gold":[213],"standard":[214],"task.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T09:21:30.201066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
