{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2621251601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324917000134","title":"Social media text normalization for Turkish","display_name":"Social media text normalization for Turkish","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2621251601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324917000134","mag":"2621251601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324917000134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324917000134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030279774","display_name":"G\u00fcl\u015fen Eryi\u011fit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-7305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G\u00dcL\u015eEN ERY\u0130\u01e6\u0130T","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail:","Istanbul Technical University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071278958","display_name":"Dilara Toruno\u011flu-Selamet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u0130LARA TORUNO\u01e6LU-SELAMET","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail:","Istanbul Technical University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Technical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030279774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93726505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"6","first_page":"835","last_page":"875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.9325854182243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish","display_name":"Turkish","score":0.8774703145027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8119938969612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6938505172729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6480264067649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5518261194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.43953800201416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24114403128623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.21359962224960327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.9325854182243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.8774703145027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8119938969612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6938505172729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6480264067649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5518261194229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.43953800201416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24114403128623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.21359962224960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324917000134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324917000134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/44137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/44137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119464729","https://openalex.org/W798398829","https://openalex.org/W964268332","https://openalex.org/W972658391","https://openalex.org/W1173432978","https://openalex.org/W1563087247","https://openalex.org/W1580749281","https://openalex.org/W1650656906","https://openalex.org/W1882350601","https://openalex.org/W1967533108","https://openalex.org/W2010595692","https://openalex.org/W2016443085","https://openalex.org/W2026689784","https://openalex.org/W2028325794","https://openalex.org/W2032355794","https://openalex.org/W2053966956","https://openalex.org/W2059067870","https://openalex.org/W2063178951","https://openalex.org/W2081564192","https://openalex.org/W2107362686","https://openalex.org/W2112302671","https://openalex.org/W2112659417","https://openalex.org/W2132336364","https://openalex.org/W2133503566","https://openalex.org/W2147777361","https://openalex.org/W2156985047","https://openalex.org/W2158061377","https://openalex.org/W2183864645","https://openalex.org/W2250409328","https://openalex.org/W2250475966","https://openalex.org/W2250660051","https://openalex.org/W2250759104","https://openalex.org/W2250863007","https://openalex.org/W2251237590","https://openalex.org/W2251457036","https://openalex.org/W2251572045","https://openalex.org/W2251589680","https://openalex.org/W2251767059","https://openalex.org/W2337045451","https://openalex.org/W2371227879","https://openalex.org/W2395626303","https://openalex.org/W2463773143","https://openalex.org/W2504460626","https://openalex.org/W2510006552","https://openalex.org/W2531621976","https://openalex.org/W2551566013","https://openalex.org/W2552843868","https://openalex.org/W2573602082","https://openalex.org/W2596965247","https://openalex.org/W2603519596","https://openalex.org/W2731757584","https://openalex.org/W2751215948","https://openalex.org/W2801154470","https://openalex.org/W2891232548","https://openalex.org/W2894859044","https://openalex.org/W2911246712","https://openalex.org/W2911494764","https://openalex.org/W2913540719","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W2916009164","https://openalex.org/W2916803445","https://openalex.org/W3139732350","https://openalex.org/W3147409145","https://openalex.org/W3148269042","https://openalex.org/W3197473240","https://openalex.org/W3200501660","https://openalex.org/W4237155282","https://openalex.org/W4247967710","https://openalex.org/W4301151820","https://openalex.org/W6636891654","https://openalex.org/W6654717535","https://openalex.org/W6711863121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2954724877","https://openalex.org/W2611695415","https://openalex.org/W4379045381","https://openalex.org/W4288326818","https://openalex.org/W2780533724","https://openalex.org/W2037415720","https://openalex.org/W2551013219","https://openalex.org/W4206816324","https://openalex.org/W1912668290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Text":[1],"normalization":[2,66,91,103,166],"is":[3,27,35,57],"an":[4,93,110],"indispensable":[5],"stage":[6],"in":[7,24,118,145,153],"processing":[8],"noncanonical":[9],"language":[10,42],"from":[11,37],"natural":[12,41],"sources,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"speech,":[16],"social":[17,88,100],"media":[18,89,101],"or":[19],"short":[20],"text":[21,90,102],"messages.":[22],"Research":[23],"this":[25],"field":[26],"very":[28],"recent":[29],"and":[30,63,95,128,184],"mostly":[31],"on":[32,86,176],"English.":[33,55],"As":[34],"known":[36],"different":[38,50],"areas":[39],"of":[40,61,92,113,133,172],"processing,":[43],"morphologically":[44],"rich":[45],"languages":[46],"(MRLs)":[47],"pose":[48],"many":[49],"challenges":[51],"when":[52],"compared":[53],"to":[54],"Turkish":[56,121,165],"a":[58,75,146,192],"strong":[59],"representative":[60],"MRLs":[62],"has":[64],"particular":[65],"problems":[67],"that":[68],"may":[69],"not":[70],"be":[71],"easily":[72],"solved":[73],"by":[74,135],"single-stage":[76],"pure":[77],"statistical":[78],"model.":[79],"This":[80],"article":[81,108],"introduces":[82],"the":[83,87,97,114,137,150,154,173,177],"first":[84,98,151],"work":[85],"MRL":[94],"presents":[96],"complete":[99],"system":[104,175],"for":[105,131,164],"Turkish.":[106],"The":[107,168],"conducts":[109],"in-depth":[111],"analysis":[112],"error":[115],"types":[116],"encountered":[117],"Web":[119,159],"2.0":[120,160],"texts,":[122],"categorizes":[123],"them":[124,134],"into":[125,141],"seven":[126],"groups":[127],"provides":[129],"solutions":[130],"each":[132],"dividing":[136],"candidate":[138],"generation":[139],"task":[140],"separate":[142],"modules":[143],"working":[144],"cascaded":[147],"architecture.":[148],"For":[149],"time":[152],"literature,":[155],"two":[156],"manually":[157],"normalized":[158],"datasets":[161,179],"are":[162,180],"introduced":[163],"studies.":[167],"exact":[169],"match":[170],"scores":[171],"overall":[174],"provided":[178],"70.40":[181],"per":[182,186,189],"cent":[183,187,190],"67.37":[185],"(77.07":[188],"with":[191],"case":[193],"insensitive":[194],"evaluation).":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}