{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2216407296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324915000224","title":"ISO standard modeling of a large Arabic dictionary","display_name":"ISO standard modeling of a large Arabic dictionary","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2216407296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324915000224","mag":"2216407296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324915000224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324915000224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046168022","display_name":"A\u00efda Khemakhem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"AIDA KHEMAKHEM","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIRACL Laboratory, FSEGS, University of Sfax, B.P. 1088, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia e-mail:"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIRACL Laboratory, FSEGS, University of Sfax, B.P. 1088, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040499361","display_name":"Bilel Gargouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4577-1362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BILEL GARGOURI","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIRACL Laboratory, FSEGS, University of Sfax, B.P. 1088, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia e-mail:"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIRACL Laboratory, FSEGS, University of Sfax, B.P. 1088, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028011643","display_name":"Abdelmajid Ben Hamadou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-2956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ABDELMAJID BEN HAMADOU","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIRACL Laboratory, ISIMS, University of Sfax, B.P. 242, 3021 Sakiet-Ezzit, Sfax, Tunisia e-mail:"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIRACL Laboratory, ISIMS, University of Sfax, B.P. 242, 3021 Sakiet-Ezzit, Sfax, Tunisia e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051895413","display_name":"Gil Francopoulo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GIL FRANCOPOULO","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMMI-CNRS and Tagmatica, Rue John von Neumann, 91405 Orsay, France e-mail:"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMMI-CNRS and Tagmatica, Rue John von Neumann, 91405 Orsay, France e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046168022"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94225631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"849","last_page":"879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9110658764839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6558605432510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5739531517028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.5113503336906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicographical-order","display_name":"Lexicographical order","score":0.5040461421012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.4600636065006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21231046319007874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9110658764839172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6558605432510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5739531517028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.5113503336906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159254197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144915","display_name":"Lexicographical order","level":2,"score":0.5040461421012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.4600636065006256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21231046319007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324915000224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324915000224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12233578","https://openalex.org/W41492599","https://openalex.org/W201141796","https://openalex.org/W255979092","https://openalex.org/W614623770","https://openalex.org/W1450474199","https://openalex.org/W1489734401","https://openalex.org/W1550053614","https://openalex.org/W1570619893","https://openalex.org/W1579107331","https://openalex.org/W1972427340","https://openalex.org/W2012908435","https://openalex.org/W2025417494","https://openalex.org/W2046690304","https://openalex.org/W2048055415","https://openalex.org/W2048196756","https://openalex.org/W2081037258","https://openalex.org/W2112331707","https://openalex.org/W2163029408","https://openalex.org/W2295015409","https://openalex.org/W2338313772","https://openalex.org/W2402188454","https://openalex.org/W2489883633","https://openalex.org/W2493943240","https://openalex.org/W2552843868","https://openalex.org/W2618644955","https://openalex.org/W2762035099","https://openalex.org/W2898919777","https://openalex.org/W2913464783","https://openalex.org/W6641709196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993634787","https://openalex.org/W3125614403","https://openalex.org/W2476923378","https://openalex.org/W2803221307","https://openalex.org/W2951826204","https://openalex.org/W2982321410","https://openalex.org/W4211001408","https://openalex.org/W2903963821","https://openalex.org/W2366147410","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,132],"this":[2,157],"paper,":[3],"we":[4,30,95],"address":[5],"the":[6,9,64,69,72,78,114,120,129,141,195,207],"problem":[7],"of":[8,13,57,63,71,84,143,146,197,213],"large":[10,82],"coverage":[11],"dictionaries":[12],"Arabic":[14,73,115],"language":[15],"usable":[16],"both":[17],"for":[18,93,140],"direct":[19],"human":[20],"reading":[21],"and":[22,34,44,54,75,86,107,127,151,168],"automatic":[23],"Natural":[24],"Language":[25],"Processing.":[26],"For":[27],"these":[28],"purposes,":[29],"propose":[31],"a":[32,52,61,81,97,124,159,180,198,211],"normalized":[33],"implemented":[35],"modeling,":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38,173],"Lexical":[39],"Markup":[40],"Framework":[41],"(LMF-ISO":[42],"24613)":[43],"Data":[45],"Registry":[46],"Category":[47],"(DCR-ISO":[48],"12620),":[49],"which":[50],"allows":[51],"stable":[53],"well-defined":[55],"interoperability":[56],"lexical":[58,149],"resources":[59],"through":[60],"unification":[62],"linguistic":[65],"concepts.":[66],"Starting":[67],"from":[68,123],"features":[70],"language,":[74],"due":[76],"to":[77,89,118,156],"fact":[79],"that":[80],"range":[83],"details":[85],"refinements":[87],"need":[88],"be":[90],"described":[91],"specifically":[92],"Arabic,":[94],"follow":[96],"finely":[98],"structuring":[99],"strategy.":[100],"Besides":[101],"its":[102],"richness":[103],"in":[104,191],"morphology,":[105],"syntax":[106],"semantics":[108],"knowledge,":[109],"our":[110],"model":[111],"includes":[112],"all":[113,144],"morphological":[116],"patterns":[117],"generate":[119],"inflected":[121],"forms":[122],"given":[125],"lemma":[126],"highlights":[128],"syntactic\u2013semantic":[130],"relations.":[131],"addition,":[133],"an":[134,202],"appropriate":[135],"codification":[136],"has":[137,165,187],"been":[138,166,189],"designed":[139],"management":[142],"types":[145],"relationships":[147],"among":[148],"entries":[150],"their":[152],"related":[153],"knowledge.":[154],"According":[155],"model,":[158],"dictionary":[160],"named":[161],"El":[162],"Madar":[163],"1":[164],"built":[167],"is":[169,194],"now":[170],"publicly":[171],"available":[172],"line.":[174],"The":[175],"data":[176],"are":[177],"managed":[178],"by":[179,201],"user-friendly":[181],"Web-based":[182],"lexicographical":[183],"workstation.":[184],"This":[185],"work":[186],"not":[188],"done":[190],"isolation,":[192],"but":[193],"result":[196],"collaborative":[199],"effort":[200],"international":[203],"team":[204],"mainly":[205],"within":[206],"ISO":[208],"network":[209],"during":[210],"period":[212],"eight":[214],"years.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}