{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2106087324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324903003188","title":"An augmented template-based approach to text realization","display_name":"An augmented template-based approach to text realization","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2106087324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324903003188","mag":"2106087324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324903003188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324903003188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089827744","display_name":"Susan McRoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-0947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SUSAN W. MCROY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA e-mail:","Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA e-mail: mcroy@uwm.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA e-mail: mcroy@uwm.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059519574","display_name":"Songsak Channarukul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SONGSAK CHANNARUKUL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028271309","display_name":"Syed S. Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2044-3880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SYED S. ALI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Language and Knowledge Representation Research Group, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96299487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"381","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9069282412528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.9012784957885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.8683351874351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.6375757455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.5470793843269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.4630703032016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4334902763366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3269757628440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2903324067592621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12062522768974304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9069282412528992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.9012784957885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.8683351874351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.6375757455825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.5470793843269348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.4630703032016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4334902763366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3269757628440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2903324067592621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12062522768974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324903003188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324903003188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114896450","https://openalex.org/W131408576","https://openalex.org/W132318044","https://openalex.org/W979700050","https://openalex.org/W1536586776","https://openalex.org/W1536614359","https://openalex.org/W1541732129","https://openalex.org/W1567848327","https://openalex.org/W1570031249","https://openalex.org/W1588806355","https://openalex.org/W1597744629","https://openalex.org/W1601211781","https://openalex.org/W1612708911","https://openalex.org/W1636687449","https://openalex.org/W1964071625","https://openalex.org/W1985610876","https://openalex.org/W2033297208","https://openalex.org/W2035836874","https://openalex.org/W2070016268","https://openalex.org/W2085702226","https://openalex.org/W2102078257","https://openalex.org/W2124699749","https://openalex.org/W2125394509","https://openalex.org/W2130250175","https://openalex.org/W2153939059","https://openalex.org/W2169249392","https://openalex.org/W2984845743","https://openalex.org/W3131568395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098987383","https://openalex.org/W2795961259","https://openalex.org/W2117933979","https://openalex.org/W4298396513","https://openalex.org/W2283130723","https://openalex.org/W103938586","https://openalex.org/W2104718772","https://openalex.org/W2368721880","https://openalex.org/W1628562230","https://openalex.org/W1500388874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2,23,76],"Augmented":[3],"Template-Based":[4],"approach":[5,62],"to":[6,31,38,59],"text":[7,39],"realization":[8],"that":[9,100],"addresses":[10],"the":[11],"requirements":[12],"of":[13,71],"real-time,":[14],"interactive":[15],"systems":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19],"dialog":[20],"system":[21],"or":[22,83],"intelligent":[24],"tutoring":[25],"system.":[26],"Template-based":[27],"approaches":[28,37,51,66],"are":[29,55,101],"easier":[30],"implement":[32],"and":[33,57,75,104],"use":[34],"than":[35,95],"traditional":[36,49,64,96],"realization.":[40],"They":[41],"can":[42,90],"also":[43],"generate":[44],"texts":[45],"more":[46,93,102],"quickly.":[47],"However":[48],"template-based":[50,65],"with":[52],"rigid":[53],"templates":[54,89,99],"inflexible":[56],"difficult":[58],"reuse.":[60],"Our":[61],"augments":[63],"by":[67],"adding":[68],"several":[69],"types":[70],"declarative":[72],"control":[73],"expressions":[74],"attribute":[77],"grammar-based":[78],"mechanism":[79],"for":[80],"processing":[81],"missing":[82],"inconsistent":[84],"slot":[85],"fillers.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"augmented":[88],"be":[91],"made":[92],"general":[94],"ones,":[97],"yielding":[98],"flexible":[103],"reusable":[105],"across":[106],"applications.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
