{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1973554190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324901002777","title":"Complex answers: a case study using a WWW question answering system","display_name":"Complex answers: a case study using a WWW question answering system","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1973554190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324901002777","mag":"1973554190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324901002777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324901002777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004649927","display_name":"Sabine Buchholz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","display_name":"Tilburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. BUCHHOLZ","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail:","ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail: s.buchholz@kub.nl#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail: s.buchholz@kub.nl#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083411784","display_name":"Walter Daelemans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9832-7890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193700539","display_name":"Tilburg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b8v1s79","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]}],"countries":["BE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. DAELEMANS","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNTS Language Technology Group, University of Antwerp, Belgium e-mail:","ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail:","ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail: s.buchholz@kub.nl and CNTS Language Technology Group, University of Antwerp, Belgium e-mail: walter.daelemans@uia.ua.ac.b ...#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNTS Language Technology Group, University of Antwerp, Belgium e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILK Computational Linguistics, Tilburg University, The Netherlands e-mail: s.buchholz@kub.nl and CNTS Language Technology Group, University of Antwerp, Belgium e-mail: walter.daelemans@uia.ua.ac.b ...#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004649927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193700539"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3728,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94039865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"301","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.9352207183837891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8677443265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6614495515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questions-and-answers","display_name":"Questions and answers","score":0.6283221244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.45325690507888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.42501431703567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36037319898605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3406006097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.2407020926475525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.9352207183837891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8677443265914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6614495515823364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019144022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4124998","display_name":"Questions and answers","level":2,"score":0.6283221244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.45325690507888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.42501431703567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36037319898605347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3406006097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.2407020926475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324901002777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324901002777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:uvt:oai:tilburguniversity.edu:publications/cdb3d4e2-bf1d-4134-804e-319407188ab4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/cdb3d4e2-bf1d-4134-804e-319407188ab4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering, 4(7), 301 - 323. Cambridge University Press","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.12.2861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.12.2861","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cnts.uia.ac.be/cnts/papers/../pdf/20030106.1016.bd012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.57.8608","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.57.8608","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ilk.kub.nl/papers/nle_preprint.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.8720","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.8720","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cnts.uia.ac.be/~walter/papers/2001/bd01-2.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75954457","https://openalex.org/W1507020546","https://openalex.org/W1572157822","https://openalex.org/W1586887050","https://openalex.org/W1588490261","https://openalex.org/W1592696684","https://openalex.org/W1597409757","https://openalex.org/W1612238087","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1980910426","https://openalex.org/W1986543644","https://openalex.org/W2115748294","https://openalex.org/W2129307374","https://openalex.org/W2296730655","https://openalex.org/W2742320045","https://openalex.org/W2916566496","https://openalex.org/W2951200021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118632115","https://openalex.org/W2555213299","https://openalex.org/W2576107865","https://openalex.org/W3215363805","https://openalex.org/W1846393350","https://openalex.org/W3154330131","https://openalex.org/W1990306092","https://openalex.org/W4307481286","https://openalex.org/W4226441484","https://openalex.org/W2577658701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,17,43],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,19,35,65],"problem":[3,36],"of":[4,13,37,47],"complex":[5,38,48],"answers":[6,11,39],"in":[7],"question":[8,21,60],"answering.":[9],"Complex":[10],"consist":[12],"several":[14],"simple":[15],"answers.":[16],"describe":[18],"online":[20],"answering":[22,61],"system":[23,31],"SHAPAQA":[24],",":[25],"and":[26,50],"using":[27],"data":[28],"from":[29],"this":[30],"we":[32],"show":[33],"that":[34,58],"is":[40],"quite":[41],"common.":[42],"define":[44],"nine":[45],"types":[46],"questions,":[49],"suggest":[51],"two":[52],"approaches,":[53],"based":[54],"on":[55],"answer":[56],"frequencies,":[57],"allow":[59],"systems":[62],"to":[63],"tackle":[64],"problem.":[66]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}