{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110746024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000188","title":"Anaphora and ellipsis in artificial languages","display_name":"Anaphora and ellipsis in artificial languages","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110746024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000188","mag":"2110746024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324900000188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109171941","display_name":"Stephen Pulman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen G. Pulman","raw_affiliation_strings":["SRI International Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, 23 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RQ, UK. Email:","SRI International Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, 23 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RQ, UK. Email: pulman@cam.sri.com and University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, 23 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RQ, UK. Email:","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SRI International Cambridge Computer Science Research Centre, 23 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RQ, UK. Email: pulman@cam.sri.com and University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109171941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77051254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"217","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8737102746963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaphora","display_name":"Anaphora (linguistics)","score":0.7841579914093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ellipsis","display_name":"Ellipsis (linguistics)","score":0.6189677715301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5833181142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5540823936462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5537890195846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5430372357368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.48188644647598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4446413218975067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42284858226776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.41459861397743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32304009795188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2913323938846588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09621509909629822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8737102746963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781449363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156751","display_name":"Anaphora (linguistics)","level":3,"score":0.7841579914093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780881102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189743","display_name":"Ellipsis (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6189677715301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5833181142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5540823936462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5537890195846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5430372357368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48188644647598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4446413218975067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42284858226776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41459861397743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32304009795188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2913323938846588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09621509909629822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s1351324900000188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900000188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18088403","display_name":"Natural Language Engineering","issn_l":"1351-3249","issn":["1351-3249","1469-8110"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:5c085a81-5554-48a0-b4f0-92992a1e3b65","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c085a81-5554-48a0-b4f0-92992a1e3b65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Computer Science","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127035525","https://openalex.org/W1513168562","https://openalex.org/W1513250879","https://openalex.org/W1768003599","https://openalex.org/W1983606164","https://openalex.org/W2011623898","https://openalex.org/W2060862769","https://openalex.org/W2065700902","https://openalex.org/W2147071705","https://openalex.org/W2160118314","https://openalex.org/W2438775341","https://openalex.org/W2772302643","https://openalex.org/W4229781645","https://openalex.org/W4252353872","https://openalex.org/W4299124776","https://openalex.org/W6630740198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2505447777","https://openalex.org/W2168132340","https://openalex.org/W3006051231","https://openalex.org/W1041832957","https://openalex.org/W1016239404","https://openalex.org/W2568873880","https://openalex.org/W1007634244","https://openalex.org/W2250257506","https://openalex.org/W4392488125","https://openalex.org/W2169263118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Artificial":[1],"languages":[2],"for":[3,46,117],"person-machine":[4],"communication":[5],"seldom":[6],"display":[7],"the":[8,17,47],"most":[9],"characteristic":[10],"properties":[11],"of":[12,19,36,49,108],"natural":[13],"languages,":[14,41],"such":[15,37],"as":[16],"use":[18,32],"anaphoric":[20],"or":[21,25],"other":[22],"referring":[23],"expressions,":[24],"ellipsis.":[26],"This":[27,60],"paper":[28],"argues":[29],"that":[30],"useful":[31],"could":[33],"be":[34,135],"made":[35],"devices":[38,89],"in":[39,53,76,81],"artificial":[40],"and":[42,51,73,78,101,120],"proposes":[43],"a":[44,105,138],"mechanism":[45],"resolution":[48],"ellipsis":[50],"anaphora":[52],"them":[54],"using":[55],"finite":[56,87],"state":[57,88],"transduction":[58],"techniques.":[59],"yields":[61],"an":[62],"interpretation":[63],"system":[64],"displaying":[65],"many":[66],"desirable":[67],"properties:":[68],"easily":[69],"implementable,":[70],"efficient,":[71],"incremental":[72],"reversible.":[74],"Linguists":[75],"general,":[77],"computational":[79],"linguists":[80],"particular,":[82],"do":[83],"well":[84],"to":[85,137,143],"employ":[86],"wherever":[90],"possible.":[91],"They":[92,110],"are":[93,98,111],"theoretically":[94],"appealing":[95,113],"because":[96,114],"they":[97,115,133],"computationally":[99,112],"weak":[100],"best":[102],"understood":[103],"from":[104],"mathematical":[106],"point":[107],"view.":[109],"make":[116],"simple,":[118],"elegant,":[119],"highly":[121],"efficient":[122],"implementations.":[123],"In":[124],"this":[125],"paper,":[126],"I":[127,129],"hope":[128],"have":[130],"shown":[131],"how":[132],"can":[134],"applied":[136],"problem\u2026":[139],"which":[140],"seems":[141],"initially":[142],"require":[144],"heavier":[145],"machinery":[146],".":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
