{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122861299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000815","title":"Strong normalization with non-structural subtyping","display_name":"Strong normalization with non-structural subtyping","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122861299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000815","mag":"2122861299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0960129500000815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101766102","display_name":"Mathematical Structures in Computer Science","issn_l":"0960-1295","issn":["0960-1295","1469-8072"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Structures in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109074035","display_name":"Mitchell Wand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Wand","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 161CN, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail:","College of Computer Science,  Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 161CN,  Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: wand@ccs.neu.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 161CN, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science,  Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 161CN,  Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail: wand@ccs.neu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087428387","display_name":"Patrick O'Keefe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-4980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85196992","display_name":"Central Arizona College","ror":"https://ror.org/003xs1762","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85196992"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106303","display_name":"Cool Energy (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hm2rz97","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106303"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick O'Keefe","raw_affiliation_strings":["151 Coolidge Avenue #211, Watertown, MA 02172, USA. E-mail:","Coolidge Avenue #211, Watertown, MA 02172, USA. E-mail: pmo@world.std.com"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"151 Coolidge Avenue #211, Watertown, MA 02172, USA. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85196992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coolidge Avenue #211, Watertown, MA 02172, USA. E-mail: pmo@world.std.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106303"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011356414","display_name":"Jens Palsberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204337017","display_name":"Aarhus University","ror":"https://ror.org/01aj84f44","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Palsberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. E-mail:","Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. E-mail: palsberg@daimi.aau.dk"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. E-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. E-mail: palsberg@daimi.aau.dk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204337017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109074035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7641,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87508133,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"419","last_page":"429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtyping","display_name":"Subtyping","score":0.9638071060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6890567541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.6157056093215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49371537566185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependent-type","display_name":"Dependent type","score":0.44771236181259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-theory","display_name":"Type theory","score":0.4452270567417145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3888489603996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3287779688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lambda-calculus","display_name":"Lambda calculus","score":0.1504133939743042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83852419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713292","display_name":"Subtyping","level":2,"score":0.9638071060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6890567541122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6157056093215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49371537566185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20528804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997433","display_name":"Dependent type","level":3,"score":0.44771236181259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056428","display_name":"Type theory","level":3,"score":0.4452270567417145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3888489603996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3287779688835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135790938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242028","display_name":"Lambda calculus","level":2,"score":0.1504133939743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0960129500000815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101766102","display_name":"Mathematical Structures in Computer Science","issn_l":"0960-1295","issn":["0960-1295","1469-8072"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Structures in Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.51.223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.51.223","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/palsberg/paper/mscs95-wop.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1762668282","https://openalex.org/W1875836313","https://openalex.org/W2001744589","https://openalex.org/W2036378583","https://openalex.org/W2050012658","https://openalex.org/W2051328776","https://openalex.org/W2051494444","https://openalex.org/W2121038016","https://openalex.org/W2123727486","https://openalex.org/W2139966078","https://openalex.org/W2149906577","https://openalex.org/W2188022130","https://openalex.org/W3087270176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132201171","https://openalex.org/W1994115046","https://openalex.org/W2122861299","https://openalex.org/W2309629785","https://openalex.org/W1827112781","https://openalex.org/W1606874744","https://openalex.org/W129491011","https://openalex.org/W3176555162","https://openalex.org/W1569206238","https://openalex.org/W2121993468"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,32,51],"study":[1],"a":[2,6,12,16,71],"type":[3,14,18,72],"system":[4,40],"with":[5],"notion":[7],"of":[8,29,49],"subtyping":[9],"that":[10,34,54,66],"involves":[11],"largest":[13],"\u22a4,":[15],"smallest":[17],"\u22a5,":[19],"atomic":[20],"coercions":[21],"between":[22],"base":[23],"types,":[24],"and":[25],"the":[26,55],"usual":[27],"ordering":[28],"function":[30],"types.":[31],"prove":[33,53],"any":[35],"\u03bb-term":[36],"typable":[37],"in":[38],"this":[39],"is":[41],"strongly":[42],"normalizing,":[43],"which":[44],"solves":[45],"an":[46],"open":[47],"problem":[48],"Thatte.":[50],"also":[52],"fragment":[56],"without":[57],"\u22a5":[58,67],"types":[59],"has":[60],"strictly":[61],"fewer":[62],"terms.":[63],"This":[64],"demonstrates":[65],"adds":[68],"power":[69],"to":[70],"system.":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}