{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253679974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800000678","title":"Improving intervals","display_name":"Improving intervals","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253679974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800000678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0956796800000678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800000678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12266929","display_name":"Journal of Functional Programming","issn_l":"0956-7968","issn":["0956-7968","1469-7653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Functional Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071438436","display_name":"W. Ken Jackson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Ken Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, CanadaV5A 1S6 (e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, CanadaV5A 1S6 (e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067382904","display_name":"F. Warren Burton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Warren Burton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, CanadaV5A 1S6 (e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, CanadaV5A 1S6 (e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4538306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"153","last_page":"169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8705328702926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.556515634059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5492083430290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5036389231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4124698340892792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38943564891815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3699299693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12391191720962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.07016351819038391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8705328702926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.556515634059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5492083430290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5036389231681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4124698340892792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38943564891815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3699299693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12391191720962524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.07016351819038391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0956796800000678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800000678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12266929","display_name":"Journal of Functional Programming","issn_l":"0956-7968","issn":["0956-7968","1469-7653"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Functional Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521982276","https://openalex.org/W2000652834","https://openalex.org/W2005933636","https://openalex.org/W2026186621","https://openalex.org/W2089241138","https://openalex.org/W2090587238","https://openalex.org/W2117504352","https://openalex.org/W2123678589","https://openalex.org/W2158992088","https://openalex.org/W2318815169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W2165950148","https://openalex.org/W4253593777","https://openalex.org/W2951497643","https://openalex.org/W4300101996","https://openalex.org/W2142393343","https://openalex.org/W3101625811","https://openalex.org/W2338854850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"We":[1,29],"show":[2],"how":[3],"improving":[4,26,35,52,67],"values":[5],"(Burton,":[6],"1991)":[7],"can":[8,54],"be":[9,55],"extended":[10],"to":[11,45],"handle":[12],"both":[13],"upper":[14],"and":[15,76],"lower":[16],"bounds.":[17],"The":[18,64],"result":[19],"is":[20,69],"a":[21,31,39,47,58],"new":[22],"data":[23],"type,":[24],"called":[25],"intervals":[27,36,53,68],".":[28],"give":[30],"simple":[32],"implementation":[33],"of":[34,41,66],"that":[37],"uses":[38],"list":[40],"successively":[42],"tighter":[43],"bounds":[44],"represent":[46],"value.":[48],"A":[49],"program":[50,60],"using":[51,61],"evaluated":[56],"as":[57],"parallel":[59,74,77],"speculative":[62],"evaluation.":[63],"utility":[65],"demonstrated":[70],"through":[71],"two":[72],"programs:":[73],"alpha-beta":[75],"branch-and-bound":[78]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}