{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2084677722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s089006040606001x","title":"Learning inexpensive parametric design models using an augmented genetic programming technique","display_name":"Learning inexpensive parametric design models using an augmented genetic programming technique","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2084677722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s089006040606001x","mag":"2084677722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s089006040606001x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s089006040606001x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/86696E3D74557B75001FD72468A7CFF4/S089006040606001Xa.pdf/div-class-title-learning-inexpensive-parametric-design-models-using-an-augmented-genetic-programming-technique-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193102","display_name":"Artificial intelligence for engineering design analysis and manufacturing","issn_l":"0890-0604","issn":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/86696E3D74557B75001FD72468A7CFF4/S089006040606001Xa.pdf/div-class-title-learning-inexpensive-parametric-design-models-using-an-augmented-genetic-programming-technique-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002156926","display_name":"Peter Matthews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-350X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"PETER C. MATTHEWS","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053311250","display_name":"David W. F. Standingford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143731","display_name":"BAE Systems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04p8ejq70","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201377164","display_name":"BAE Systems (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/00yewjk07","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201377164","https://openalex.org/I4210143731"]}],"countries":["GB","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DAVID W.F. STANDINGFORD","raw_affiliation_strings":["BAE Systems, Advanced Technology Centre, Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom","BAE Systems, Advanced Technology Centre,  Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BAE Systems, Advanced Technology Centre, Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BAE Systems, Advanced Technology Centre,  Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201377164"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110495629","display_name":"Carren Holden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94706221","display_name":"Airbus (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02hbhxa68","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121748","https://openalex.org/I94706221"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CARREN M.E. HOLDEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerodynamic Methods and Tools, Airbus UK, Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom","Aerodynamic Methods and Tools, Airbus UK, Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerodynamic Methods and Tools, Airbus UK, Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94706221"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerodynamic Methods and Tools, Airbus UK, Filton, Bristol, United Kingdom#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94706221"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103952227","display_name":"Ken M. Wallace","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KEN M. WALLACE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Design Centre, Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Design Centre, Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002156926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4517,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73580672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12093","display_name":"Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8128377199172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.8046742081642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.7640644907951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6490270495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.591376006603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5573282241821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-design","display_name":"Parametric design","score":0.5128067135810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5118607878684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.46199941635131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-model","display_name":"Parametric model","score":0.4185258448123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.41507667303085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.41167134046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36239343881607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34376418590545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3403772711753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2563933730125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1958620846271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09267804026603699}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8128377199172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.8046742081642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7640644907951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6490270495414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.591376006603241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5573282241821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778370241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18386598","display_name":"Parametric design","level":3,"score":0.5128067135810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5118607878684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.46199941635131836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24574437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135228","display_name":"Parametric model","level":3,"score":0.4185258448123932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.41507667303085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41167134046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36239343881607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34376418590545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3403772711753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2563933730125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1958620846271515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09267804026603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s089006040606001x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s089006040606001x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/86696E3D74557B75001FD72468A7CFF4/S089006040606001Xa.pdf/div-class-title-learning-inexpensive-parametric-design-models-using-an-augmented-genetic-programming-technique-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193102","display_name":"Artificial intelligence for engineering design analysis and manufacturing","issn_l":"0890-0604","issn":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/273/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial intelligence for engineering design, analysis and manufacturing, 2006, Vol.20(1), pp.1-18 [Peer Reviewed Journal]","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1560171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1560171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s089006040606001x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s089006040606001x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/86696E3D74557B75001FD72468A7CFF4/S089006040606001Xa.pdf/div-class-title-learning-inexpensive-parametric-design-models-using-an-augmented-genetic-programming-technique-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193102","display_name":"Artificial intelligence for engineering design analysis and manufacturing","issn_l":"0890-0604","issn":["0890-0604","1469-1760"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084677722.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2084677722.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133270979","https://openalex.org/W177097005","https://openalex.org/W619572877","https://openalex.org/W1493454437","https://openalex.org/W1493967668","https://openalex.org/W1495003437","https://openalex.org/W1497712199","https://openalex.org/W1499633698","https://openalex.org/W1504562249","https://openalex.org/W1523363758","https://openalex.org/W1528347657","https://openalex.org/W1534814087","https://openalex.org/W1561210763","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1595987151","https://openalex.org/W1602115669","https://openalex.org/W1605945379","https://openalex.org/W1615454278","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1670211634","https://openalex.org/W1723551039","https://openalex.org/W1805994660","https://openalex.org/W1963922536","https://openalex.org/W1964581121","https://openalex.org/W1970680592","https://openalex.org/W1972783888","https://openalex.org/W1979700756","https://openalex.org/W2001842014","https://openalex.org/W2004190717","https://openalex.org/W2024143517","https://openalex.org/W2025218063","https://openalex.org/W2028828104","https://openalex.org/W2030595499","https://openalex.org/W2035246233","https://openalex.org/W2055289715","https://openalex.org/W2061415549","https://openalex.org/W2062154476","https://openalex.org/W2063046703","https://openalex.org/W2065136126","https://openalex.org/W2071204941","https://openalex.org/W2073117112","https://openalex.org/W2076472234","https://openalex.org/W2077689175","https://openalex.org/W2091695118","https://openalex.org/W2095462004","https://openalex.org/W2100211715","https://openalex.org/W2111579412","https://openalex.org/W2129278421","https://openalex.org/W2132699577","https://openalex.org/W2133115779","https://openalex.org/W2134696661","https://openalex.org/W2158755163","https://openalex.org/W2272388381","https://openalex.org/W2323746689","https://openalex.org/W2487799849","https://openalex.org/W2494108592","https://openalex.org/W2529617492","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W2912706550","https://openalex.org/W4250426676","https://openalex.org/W6630039068","https://openalex.org/W6635667986","https://openalex.org/W6636455871","https://openalex.org/W6641255484","https://openalex.org/W6738852829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379564476","https://openalex.org/W2384065376","https://openalex.org/W2371911932","https://openalex.org/W2387868983","https://openalex.org/W2394336434","https://openalex.org/W2350758382","https://openalex.org/W2377324899","https://openalex.org/W2143512463","https://openalex.org/W2361392525","https://openalex.org/W2044895346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"applications":[1],"of":[2,62,145],"genetic":[3],"programming":[4],"(GP)":[5],"have":[6,114],"been":[7],"restricted":[8],"to":[9,21,34,43,82,109,113,117],"searching":[10,65],"for":[11,66],"algebraic":[12,31],"approximations":[13],"mapping":[14],"the":[15,44,59,76,83],"design":[16,24,49,84,97,119,147],"parameters":[17],"(e.g.,":[18,26],"geometrical":[19],"parameters)":[20],"a":[22,40,47,71,146],"single":[23,72],"objective":[25],"weight).":[27],"In":[28],"addition,":[29],"these":[30],"expressions":[32],"tend":[33],"be":[35,100,123],"highly":[36],"complex.":[37],"By":[38],"adding":[39],"simple":[41,68,96,107],"extension":[42,108],"GP":[45,63,110,135],"technique,":[46],"powerful":[48,115],"data":[50],"analysis":[51,60,133],"tool":[52],"is":[53,111,139],"developed.":[54],"This":[55,105],"paper":[56],"significantly":[57],"extends":[58],"capabilities":[61],"by":[64,74,87,128,143],"multiple":[67,79],"models":[69,98,120],"within":[70],"population":[73,77],"splitting":[75],"into":[78],"islands":[80,94],"according":[81],"variables":[85],"used":[86],"individual":[88],"members.":[89],"Where":[90],"members":[91],"from":[92,102],"different":[93],"\u201ccooperate,\u201d":[95],"can":[99,122],"extracted":[101],"this":[103],"cooperation.":[104],"relatively":[106],"shown":[112],"implications":[116],"extracting":[118],"that":[121],"readily":[124],"interpreted":[125],"and":[126,141],"exploited":[127],"human":[129],"designers.":[130],"The":[131],"full":[132],"method,":[134,138],"heuristics":[136],"extraction":[137],"described":[140],"illustrated":[142],"means":[144],"case":[148],"study.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}