{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170548100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888998001015","title":"The Process Interchange Format and Framework","display_name":"The Process Interchange Format and Framework","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170548100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888998001015","mag":"2170548100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888998001015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888998001015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035628217","display_name":"Jintae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1383-1682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JINTAE LEE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Decision Sciences, University of Hawaii, 2401 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Decision Sciences, University of Hawaii, 2401 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533","https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067410702","display_name":"Michael Gr\u00fcninger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-2398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL GRUNINGER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023969203","display_name":"Yan Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-5837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"YAN JIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079825006","display_name":"Thomas W. Malone","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THOMAS MALONE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Coordination Science, MIT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Coordination Science, MIT","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109256514","display_name":"Austin Tate","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AUSTIN TATE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute, University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112970546","display_name":"Gregg Yost","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162662","display_name":"Digital Equipment (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/047vmzn25","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162662"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GREGG YOST","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Equipment Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Equipment Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098375106","display_name":"OTHER MEMBERS OF THE PIF WORKING GROUP","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"OTHER MEMBERS OF THE PIF WORKING GROUP","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98883249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":"120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8099045753479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.755399227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.7286719679832458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6219062805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6104085445404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5455548167228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4612940549850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.454894483089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4110540747642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2693924307823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2668755054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15249288082122803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8099045753479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.755399227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7286719679832458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6219062805175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6104085445404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5455548167228699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4612940549850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.454894483089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4110540747642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2693924307823181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2668755054473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15249288082122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888998001015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888998001015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25798763","https://openalex.org/W1524870477","https://openalex.org/W2040731343","https://openalex.org/W2055487721","https://openalex.org/W2088363091","https://openalex.org/W2113547509","https://openalex.org/W2126010944","https://openalex.org/W2137079713","https://openalex.org/W2165242406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981780420","https://openalex.org/W2032233321","https://openalex.org/W2182707996","https://openalex.org/W45233828","https://openalex.org/W2964988449","https://openalex.org/W188202134","https://openalex.org/W2029380707","https://openalex.org/W3121970507","https://openalex.org/W2397952901","https://openalex.org/W2110028391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,110,230],"document":[1,111,143,231,278],"provides":[2],"the":[3,6,90,113,117,136,150,174,184,195,236,244,276,280,285],"specification":[4],"of":[5,15,34,56,66,89,120,139,153,227,256],"Process":[7],"Interchange":[8],"Format":[9],"(PIF)":[10],"version":[11],"1.2.":[12],"The":[13,142,197,266],"goal":[14],"this":[16,251],"work":[17],"is":[18,232],"to":[19,24,58,74,100,134,156,261],"develop":[20],"an":[21],"interchange":[22,245],"format":[23,199,246,252],"help":[25],"automatically":[26,101],"exchange":[27,102],"process":[28,36,49,53,81,104],"descriptions":[29,82,105,166],"among":[30,221],"a":[31,76,146,171,203],"wide":[32],"variety":[33],"business":[35],"modelling":[37],"and":[38,52,87,127,183,211,213,249,275],"support":[39],"systems":[40,51,68,222],"such":[41,67,170],"as":[42,124,264],"workflow":[43],"software,":[44],"flow":[45],"charting":[46],"tools,":[47],"planners,":[48],"simulation":[50],"repositories.":[54],"Instead":[55],"having":[57],"write":[59],"ad":[60],"hoc":[61],"translators":[62],"for":[63,79,148,217],"each":[64,69],"pair":[65],"system":[70,85,96],"will":[71,97,241],"only":[72],"need":[73],"have":[75],"single":[77],"translator":[78,191],"converting":[80],"in":[83,161,169,235,272],"that":[84,130,173,192,238,250,283],"into":[86],"out":[88],"common":[91,175],"PIF":[92,181,198,267,282],"format.":[93],"Then":[94],"any":[95,107,140,180,190],"be":[98,132,259],"able":[99],"basic":[103,137],"with":[106],"other":[108,239,262],"system.":[109],"describes":[112,145],"PIF-CORE":[114],"1.2,":[115],"i.e.":[116],"core":[118,151],"set":[119,152],"object":[121,154],"types":[122,155],"(such":[123],"activities,":[125],"agents":[126],"prerequisite":[128],"relations)":[129],"can":[131],"used":[133,216],"describe":[135],"elements":[138,176,186],"process.":[141],"also":[144],"framework":[147],"extending":[149],"include":[157],"additional":[158,185],"information":[159],"needed":[160],"specific":[162],"applications.":[163],"These":[164],"extended":[165],"are":[167,177,187],"exchanged":[168],"way":[172],"interpretable":[178,188],"by":[179,189,202],"translator,":[182],"knows":[193],"about":[194],"extensions.":[196],"was":[200,270],"developed":[201,223],"working":[204],"group":[205],"including":[206],"representatives":[207],"from":[208],"several":[209],"universities":[210],"companies,":[212],"has":[214],"been":[215],"experimental":[218],"automatic":[219],"translations":[220],"independently":[224],"at":[225],"three":[226],"these":[228],"sites.":[229],"being":[233],"distributed":[234],"hopes":[237],"groups":[240,263],"comment":[242],"upon":[243],"proposed":[247],"here,":[248],"(or":[253],"future":[254],"versions":[255],"it)":[257],"may":[258],"useful":[260],"well.":[265],"Document":[268],"1.0":[269],"released":[271],"December":[273],"1994,":[274],"current":[277],"reports":[279],"revised":[281],"incorporate":[284],"feedback":[286],"received":[287],"since":[288],"then.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}