{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206573655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888921000138","title":"A survey on semantic question answering systems","display_name":"A survey on semantic question answering systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206573655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888921000138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888921000138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888921000138","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/07050F0CEFC12B0BA769CE25B67A42C9/S0269888921000138a.pdf/div-class-title-a-survey-on-semantic-question-answering-systems-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/07050F0CEFC12B0BA769CE25B67A42C9/S0269888921000138a.pdf/div-class-title-a-survey-on-semantic-question-answering-systems-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023669093","display_name":"Christina Ant\u03bfniou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-3986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christina Antoniou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece E-mails:"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-3986","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece E-mails:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054575953","display_name":"Nick Bassiliades","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-1038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Bassiliades","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece E-mails:"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6035-1038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece E-mails:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023669093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9133,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91839846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.8422262668609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7636889219284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparql","display_name":"SPARQL","score":0.698622465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5865926742553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4634001553058624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.34377750754356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.2330818772315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf","display_name":"RDF","score":0.22512352466583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.15396374464035034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.8422262668609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7636889219284058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41009113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54871","display_name":"SPARQL","level":4,"score":0.698622465133667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5865926742553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4634001553058624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34377750754356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.2330818772315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147497476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54872","display_name":"RDF","level":3,"score":0.22512352466583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.15396374464035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888921000138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888921000138","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/07050F0CEFC12B0BA769CE25B67A42C9/S0269888921000138a.pdf/div-class-title-a-survey-on-semantic-question-answering-systems-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888921000138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888921000138","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/07050F0CEFC12B0BA769CE25B67A42C9/S0269888921000138a.pdf/div-class-title-a-survey-on-semantic-question-answering-systems-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206573655.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206573655.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157593435","https://openalex.org/W186369953","https://openalex.org/W193358427","https://openalex.org/W303777527","https://openalex.org/W1510085999","https://openalex.org/W1649568910","https://openalex.org/W1990119545","https://openalex.org/W1992712260","https://openalex.org/W2002461265","https://openalex.org/W2011992920","https://openalex.org/W2098550182","https://openalex.org/W2112639312","https://openalex.org/W2136671004","https://openalex.org/W2141739114","https://openalex.org/W2170872814","https://openalex.org/W2183366530","https://openalex.org/W2185758834","https://openalex.org/W2268155668","https://openalex.org/W2278131208","https://openalex.org/W2313543083","https://openalex.org/W2366359788","https://openalex.org/W2396348662","https://openalex.org/W2396527751","https://openalex.org/W2397862192","https://openalex.org/W2402440909","https://openalex.org/W2402507431","https://openalex.org/W2402877669","https://openalex.org/W2403729121","https://openalex.org/W2532938041","https://openalex.org/W2560465250","https://openalex.org/W2575695977","https://openalex.org/W2759200442","https://openalex.org/W2766513516","https://openalex.org/W2799103095","https://openalex.org/W2896040297","https://openalex.org/W2902332524","https://openalex.org/W2945601872","https://openalex.org/W2946693801","https://openalex.org/W2963102202","https://openalex.org/W2963900171","https://openalex.org/W2992007572","https://openalex.org/W3034829114","https://openalex.org/W3098166202","https://openalex.org/W3118511871","https://openalex.org/W3128120479","https://openalex.org/W3135325813","https://openalex.org/W6636890622","https://openalex.org/W6689191013","https://openalex.org/W6712928033","https://openalex.org/W6713017587","https://openalex.org/W6732336037","https://openalex.org/W6736566654","https://openalex.org/W6790957292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038821533","https://openalex.org/W2295889387","https://openalex.org/W76044956","https://openalex.org/W129667569","https://openalex.org/W3142934089","https://openalex.org/W2528665947","https://openalex.org/W2764264137","https://openalex.org/W4297737180","https://openalex.org/W2226235235","https://openalex.org/W2899333420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Recently,":[1],"many":[2,37],"question":[3,32],"answering":[4,33],"systems":[5,41,47,68,75],"that":[6,69],"derive":[7],"answers":[8],"from":[9],"linked":[10],"data":[11],"repositories":[12],"have":[13,42],"been":[14,43],"developed.":[15],"The":[16,45],"purpose":[17],"of":[18,29,57],"this":[19],"survey":[20],"is":[21],"to":[22],"identify":[23],"the":[24,30],"common":[25],"features":[26],"and":[27,39,55,72],"approaches":[28],"semantic":[31],"(SQA)":[34],"systems,":[35],"although":[36],"different":[38,64,78],"prototype":[40],"designed.":[44],"SQA":[46,71,74],"use":[48],"a":[49,58],"formal":[50],"query":[51],"language":[52],"like":[53],"SPARQL":[54],"knowledge":[56],"specific":[59],"vocabulary.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"analyses":[63],"frameworks,":[65],"architectures,":[66],"or":[67],"perform":[70],"classifies":[73],"based":[76],"on":[77],"criteria.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:05:33.558190","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}