{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2591140874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888916000278","title":"Comparing planning problem compilation approaches for quantum annealing","display_name":"Comparing planning problem compilation approaches for quantum annealing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2591140874","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888916000278","mag":"2591140874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888916000278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888916000278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015113066","display_name":"Bryan O\u2019Gorman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-8083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112445","display_name":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02133fc38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan O\u2019Gorman","raw_affiliation_strings":["QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA; e-mail:","Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA","QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023002743","display_name":"Eleanor Rieffel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2957-9372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleanor Gilbert Rieffel","raw_affiliation_strings":["QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005908865","display_name":"N. Minh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-4986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112445","display_name":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02133fc38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA; e-mail:","Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102985745","display_name":"Davide Venturelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1329765538","display_name":"Universities Space Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/043pgqy52","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Venturelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","Universities Space Research Association 615 National Avenue, Suite 220 Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; e-mail:","Universities Space Research Association 615 National Avenue, Suite 220 Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universities Space Research Association 615 National Avenue, Suite 220 Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universities Space Research Association 615 National Avenue, Suite 220 Mountain View, CA 94043, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112576064","display_name":"Jeremy Frank","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81457384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"5","first_page":"465","last_page":"474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9372000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-annealing","display_name":"Quantum annealing","score":0.9439564943313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-unconstrained-binary-optimization","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","score":0.9148261547088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.8050709962844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7508842945098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.592200517654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5153703093528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.47810906171798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4626515805721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.42969179153442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4235353469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4137773811817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.39110204577445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3757447302341461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3048056364059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24652981758117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12572342157363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1182691752910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07066449522972107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90408235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938141","display_name":"Quantum annealing","level":4,"score":0.9439564943313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177179195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268372","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","level":4,"score":0.9148261547088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.8050709962844849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7508842945098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.592200517654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5153703093528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.47810906171798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4626515805721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.42969179153442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4235353469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4137773811817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.39110204577445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3757447302341461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3048056364059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24652981758117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12572342157363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1182691752910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07066449522972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888916000278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888916000278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312530","display_name":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333943","display_name":"Advanced Exploration Systems","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67242492","https://openalex.org/W125541279","https://openalex.org/W174492123","https://openalex.org/W1489183362","https://openalex.org/W1595858355","https://openalex.org/W1603979188","https://openalex.org/W1631535324","https://openalex.org/W1650924815","https://openalex.org/W1971493102","https://openalex.org/W1979392010","https://openalex.org/W1988522098","https://openalex.org/W2025460523","https://openalex.org/W2058370033","https://openalex.org/W2074078071","https://openalex.org/W2103186149","https://openalex.org/W2107604137","https://openalex.org/W2164322797","https://openalex.org/W2188676348","https://openalex.org/W2337392266","https://openalex.org/W2494804018","https://openalex.org/W2580519047","https://openalex.org/W2963885173","https://openalex.org/W3101836835","https://openalex.org/W3215460652","https://openalex.org/W4213277474","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380986281","https://openalex.org/W4316012214","https://openalex.org/W2917807404","https://openalex.org/W4388555437","https://openalex.org/W2893961859","https://openalex.org/W4389168364","https://openalex.org/W4287027624","https://openalex.org/W4224943954","https://openalex.org/W3193244174","https://openalex.org/W4385585333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"One":[1],"approach":[2],"to":[3,8,11,77,85,101,106],"solving":[4],"planning":[5,75,83,104,124],"problems":[6,13,84,105],"is":[7],"compile":[9],"them":[10],"other":[12],"for":[14,158],"which":[15],"powerful":[16],"off-the-shelf":[17],"solvers":[18],"are":[19,55,144],"available;":[20],"common":[21],"targets":[22],"include":[23],"SAT,":[24],"CSP,":[25],"and":[26,92],"MILP.":[27],"Recently,":[28],"a":[29,88,93,119],"novel":[30],"optimization":[31,49],"technique":[32],"has":[33],"become":[34],"available:":[35],"quantum":[36,53,116],"annealing":[37],"(QA).":[38],"QA":[39,86],"takes":[40],"as":[41,69],"input":[42],"problem":[43],"instances":[44,143],"of":[45,64,122,140],"quadratic":[46],"unconstrained":[47],"binary":[48],"(QUBO)":[50],"problem.":[51],"Early":[52],"annealers":[54],"now":[56],"available,":[57],"though":[58],"their":[59],"constraints":[60],"restrict":[61],"the":[62,74,78,141],"types":[63],"QUBOs":[65],"they":[66],"can":[67,132],"take":[68],"input.":[70],"Here,":[71],"we":[72,108],"introduce":[73],"community":[76],"key":[79],"steps":[80],"in":[81],"compiling":[82],"hardware:":[87],"hardware-independent":[89],"step,":[90,95],"mapping,":[91],"hardware-dependent":[94],"embedding.":[96],"After":[97],"describing":[98],"two":[99],"approaches":[100],"mapping":[102],"general":[103],"QUBO,":[107],"describe":[109],"preliminary":[110],"results":[111,127],"from":[112,151],"running":[113],"an":[114],"early":[115,153],"annealer":[117],"on":[118],"parametrized":[120],"family":[121],"hard":[123],"problems.":[125],"The":[126],"show":[128],"that":[129,155],"different":[130],"mappings":[131],"substantially":[133],"affect":[134],"performance,":[135],"even":[136],"when":[137],"many":[138],"features":[139],"resulting":[142],"similar.":[145],"We":[146],"conclude":[147],"with":[148],"insights":[149],"gained":[150],"this":[152],"study":[154],"suggest":[156],"directions":[157],"future":[159],"work.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
