{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095719083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988891200015x","title":"Individual evolutionary learning with many agents","display_name":"Individual evolutionary learning with many agents","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095719083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988891200015x","mag":"2095719083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s026988891200015x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988891200015x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052634750","display_name":"Jasmina Arifovic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jasmina Arifovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; e-mail:","Department of economics, simon fraser university, 8888 university drive, burnaby, bc v5a 1s6, canada; e-mail: arifovic@sfu.ca#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of economics, simon fraser university, 8888 university drive, burnaby, bc v5a 1s6, canada; e-mail: arifovic@sfu.ca#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013820096","display_name":"John O. Ledyard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Ledyard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; e-mail:","Division of humanities and social sciences, california institute of technology, 1200 east california boulevard, mc 228-77, pasadena, ca 91125, usa; e-mail: jledyard@hss.caltech.edu#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of humanities and social sciences, california institute of technology, 1200 east california boulevard, mc 228-77, pasadena, ca 91125, usa; e-mail: jledyard@hss.caltech.edu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013820096","https://openalex.org/A5052634750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81704348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"239","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6325366497039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5501315593719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4776407778263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4585513770580292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4503617584705353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4191988408565521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3636912703514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.32211896777153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29807281494140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.16225063800811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.14845052361488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.08065184950828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07384225726127625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6325366497039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5501315593719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4776407778263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4585513770580292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4503617584705353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4191988408565521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3636912703514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.32211896777153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29807281494140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.16225063800811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14845052361488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08065184950828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07384225726127625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s026988891200015x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988891200015x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:31835","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/31835/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87747667","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1503519001","https://openalex.org/W1531590217","https://openalex.org/W1556452705","https://openalex.org/W1564229172","https://openalex.org/W1581699654","https://openalex.org/W1626837244","https://openalex.org/W1713503745","https://openalex.org/W1997973116","https://openalex.org/W1999823728","https://openalex.org/W2000091880","https://openalex.org/W2014173738","https://openalex.org/W2015294114","https://openalex.org/W2033073981","https://openalex.org/W2034033745","https://openalex.org/W2047347819","https://openalex.org/W2061132443","https://openalex.org/W2078719994","https://openalex.org/W2096348520","https://openalex.org/W2113406292","https://openalex.org/W2114765979","https://openalex.org/W2130752181","https://openalex.org/W2161194570","https://openalex.org/W2161899769","https://openalex.org/W2164789569","https://openalex.org/W2264706445","https://openalex.org/W2325117413","https://openalex.org/W2990108307","https://openalex.org/W3011120880","https://openalex.org/W3125304054","https://openalex.org/W3126081580","https://openalex.org/W3217016363","https://openalex.org/W6633940122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382997850","https://openalex.org/W2390968135","https://openalex.org/W141820298","https://openalex.org/W4378770497","https://openalex.org/W2049584446","https://openalex.org/W2382213751","https://openalex.org/W2351750670","https://openalex.org/W1597848696","https://openalex.org/W2354715126","https://openalex.org/W2079781215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Individual":[1],"Evolutionary":[2],"Learning":[3],"(IEL)":[4],"is":[5,94],"a":[6,14,41],"learning":[7],"model":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10],"the":[11,33,51,72,77,80,97],"evolution":[12],"of":[13,16,18,35,44,53,69,76,83,96,99],"population":[15],"strategies":[17],"an":[19],"individual":[20],"agent.":[21],"In":[22,46],"prior":[23],"work,":[24],"IEL":[25,54,62,84],"has":[26],"been":[27],"shown":[28],"to":[29,63,66],"be":[30,64],"consistent":[31],"with":[32,40,57],"behavior":[34,82],"human":[36],"subjects":[37],"in":[38,55,85,91],"games":[39,56,86],"small":[42],"number":[43,98],"agents.":[45,59],"this":[47,67],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"examine":[50],"performance":[52],"many":[58],"We":[60],"find":[61],"robust":[65],"type":[68],"scaling.":[70],"With":[71],"appropriate":[73],"linear":[74],"adjustment":[75],"mechanism":[78],"parameter,":[79],"convergence":[81],"induced":[87],"by":[88],"Groves\u2013Ledyard":[89],"mechanisms":[90],"quadratic":[92],"environments":[93],"independent":[95],"participants.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:05:33.558190","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
