{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125479168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890999035x","title":"A review of multi-instance learning assumptions","display_name":"A review of multi-instance learning assumptions","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125479168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890999035x","mag":"2125479168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s026988890999035x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890999035x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010326834","display_name":"James R. Foulds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0935-4182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Foulds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059992863","display_name":"Eibe Frank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-7111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eibe Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010326834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":385,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98178733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7595939636230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7282686233520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6446868181228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6110121011734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.526313304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5239170789718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4412737190723419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.4378645718097687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.437328040599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4328250586986542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instance-based-learning","display_name":"Instance-based learning","score":0.4292148947715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.41841262578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.240227609872818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.18503886461257935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7595939636230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7282686233520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6446868181228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6110121011734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.526313304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5239170789718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4412737190723419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4378645718097687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.437328040599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4328250586986542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24138899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141258","display_name":"Instance-based learning","level":3,"score":0.4292148947715759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.41841262578964233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.240227609872818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.18503886461257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s026988890999035x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026988890999035x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.148.2333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.148.2333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~eibe/pubs/FouldsAndFrankMIreview.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz:10289/3870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10289/3870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400944","display_name":"Research Commons (University of Waikato)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","host_organization_name":"University of Waikato","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24402856","https://openalex.org/W90131235","https://openalex.org/W181444816","https://openalex.org/W842265099","https://openalex.org/W1480620133","https://openalex.org/W1492698999","https://openalex.org/W1498013111","https://openalex.org/W1534519302","https://openalex.org/W1535599202","https://openalex.org/W1540386283","https://openalex.org/W1544144649","https://openalex.org/W1550821944","https://openalex.org/W1554039773","https://openalex.org/W1556251288","https://openalex.org/W1560331282","https://openalex.org/W1581034630","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1590386482","https://openalex.org/W1608213237","https://openalex.org/W1839955272","https://openalex.org/W1958762911","https://openalex.org/W1969602766","https://openalex.org/W2009074768","https://openalex.org/W2034445978","https://openalex.org/W2053463056","https://openalex.org/W2074992691","https://openalex.org/W2078579128","https://openalex.org/W2098166271","https://openalex.org/W2098239572","https://openalex.org/W2108745803","https://openalex.org/W2110119381","https://openalex.org/W2112464244","https://openalex.org/W2116133729","https://openalex.org/W2118697091","https://openalex.org/W2122105408","https://openalex.org/W2128192154","https://openalex.org/W2129113961","https://openalex.org/W2132786922","https://openalex.org/W2133288557","https://openalex.org/W2135533176","https://openalex.org/W2136595724","https://openalex.org/W2146241755","https://openalex.org/W2151134200","https://openalex.org/W2154318594","https://openalex.org/W2155561932","https://openalex.org/W2160767446","https://openalex.org/W2162685317","https://openalex.org/W2163474322","https://openalex.org/W2488133945","https://openalex.org/W2911885099","https://openalex.org/W2912377886","https://openalex.org/W2913656430","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W2964324211","https://openalex.org/W4214697395","https://openalex.org/W4243333625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098239572","https://openalex.org/W2621411691","https://openalex.org/W1756896031","https://openalex.org/W1549064177","https://openalex.org/W1571236831","https://openalex.org/W2515319207","https://openalex.org/W3205655893","https://openalex.org/W2359489557","https://openalex.org/W4385255803","https://openalex.org/W2533998516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Multi-instance":[1],"(MI)":[2],"learning":[3,13,55,67,74,101,137],"is":[4,37,46,122,153,164,171],"a":[5,16,22,40,47,51,103,113,141],"variant":[6],"of":[7,18,21,44,53,86,131,144,193],"inductive":[8],"machine":[9],"learning,":[10],"where":[11,34,148],"each":[12,35],"example":[14],"contains":[15],"bag":[17,36],"instances":[19,78,89],"instead":[20],"single":[23],"feature":[24],"vector.":[25],"The":[26],"term":[27],"commonly":[28],"refers":[29],"to":[30,79,109,125,177,189],"the":[31,132,145,149,191,199],"supervised":[32],"setting,":[33],"associated":[38],"with":[39],"label.":[41],"This":[42],"type":[43],"representation":[45],"natural":[48],"fit":[49],"for":[50,112],"number":[52],"real-world":[54],"scenarios,":[56],"including":[57],"drug":[58,114],"activity":[59,115],"prediction":[60,116],"and":[61,90,155,173],"image":[62],"classification,":[63],"hence":[64],"many":[65,84],"MI":[66,73,100,105,120,136,146,151,195],"algorithms":[68],"have":[69,181],"been":[70,182],"proposed.":[71,183],"Any":[72],"method":[75],"must":[76],"relate":[77],"bag-level":[80],"class":[81,91,107],"labels,":[82],"but":[83],"types":[85],"relationships":[87],"between":[88],"labels":[92],"are":[93,158],"possible.":[94],"Although":[95],"all":[96],"early":[97],"work":[98,134,200],"in":[99,127,135,202],"assumes":[102],"specific":[104],"concept":[106],"known":[108],"be":[110],"appropriate":[111],"domain;":[117],"this":[118,185,203],"\u2018standard":[119],"assumption\u2019":[121],"not":[123,165],"guaranteed":[124],"hold":[126],"other":[128,178],"domains.":[129],"Much":[130],"recent":[133],"has":[138],"concentrated":[139],"on":[140],"relaxed":[142],"view":[143],"problem,":[147],"standard":[150],"assumption":[152,170],"dropped,":[154],"alternative":[156,194],"assumptions":[157,179,196],"considered":[159],"instead.":[160],"However,":[161],"often":[162],"it":[163,175],"clearly":[166],"stated":[167],"what":[168],"particular":[169],"used":[172],"how":[174],"relates":[176],"that":[180],"In":[184],"paper,":[186],"we":[187],"aim":[188],"clarify":[190],"use":[192],"by":[197],"reviewing":[198],"done":[201],"area.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}