{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122435612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888905000251","title":"An overview of methods and tools for ontology learning from texts","display_name":"An overview of methods and tools for ontology learning from texts","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122435612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888905000251","mag":"2122435612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888905000251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888905000251","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8A80EE642E82BD657655CCF3CC8E49B0/S0269888905000251a.pdf/div-class-title-an-overview-of-methods-and-tools-for-ontology-learning-from-texts-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8A80EE642E82BD657655CCF3CC8E49B0/S0269888905000251a.pdf/div-class-title-an-overview-of-methods-and-tools-for-ontology-learning-from-texts-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006108971","display_name":"Asunc\u00edon G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3037-0331"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ASUNCI\u00d3N G\u00d3MEZ-P\u00c9REZ","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067630797","display_name":"David Manzano-Macho","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DAVID MANZANO-MACHO","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.664,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93254916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"187","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8106766939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-learning","display_name":"Ontology learning","score":0.8069584369659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.760718047618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5945556163787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.45918744802474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.4497976005077362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-based-data-integration","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","score":0.4476979672908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-alignment","display_name":"Ontology alignment","score":0.4431777000427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.41161084175109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3734598159790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3711925148963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3663707673549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.348741739988327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.33012479543685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07172179222106934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8106766939163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620938","display_name":"Ontology learning","level":5,"score":0.8069584369659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.760718047618866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5945556163787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.45918744802474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.4497976005077362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.4476979672908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98893333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339878","display_name":"Ontology alignment","level":4,"score":0.4431777000427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.41161084175109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3734598159790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3711925148963928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3663707673549652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.348741739988327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.33012479543685913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07172179222106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888905000251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888905000251","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8A80EE642E82BD657655CCF3CC8E49B0/S0269888905000251a.pdf/div-class-title-an-overview-of-methods-and-tools-for-ontology-learning-from-texts-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oa.upm.es:72445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://oa.upm.es/72445/","pdf_url":"https://oa.upm.es/72445/1/REV_JCR_14.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196323","display_name":"UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","host_organization_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Knowledge Engineering Review, ISSN 1469-8005, 2004-09, Vol. 19, No. 3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888905000251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888905000251","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/8A80EE642E82BD657655CCF3CC8E49B0/S0269888905000251a.pdf/div-class-title-an-overview-of-methods-and-tools-for-ontology-learning-from-texts-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313831","display_name":"Comunidad de Madrid","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323029","display_name":"Atomic Energy of Canada Limited","ror":"https://ror.org/019ja9e37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337253","display_name":"Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122435612.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2122435612.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14338165","https://openalex.org/W42468102","https://openalex.org/W68858914","https://openalex.org/W88073455","https://openalex.org/W95234126","https://openalex.org/W116293583","https://openalex.org/W128995279","https://openalex.org/W134028907","https://openalex.org/W144485873","https://openalex.org/W169857237","https://openalex.org/W173456964","https://openalex.org/W181680702","https://openalex.org/W184397588","https://openalex.org/W184880047","https://openalex.org/W318961524","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1482759324","https://openalex.org/W1486440197","https://openalex.org/W1489720340","https://openalex.org/W1493596129","https://openalex.org/W1499506821","https://openalex.org/W1504182447","https://openalex.org/W1520890006","https://openalex.org/W1532165717","https://openalex.org/W1535593407","https://openalex.org/W1535877779","https://openalex.org/W1543108337","https://openalex.org/W1548778571","https://openalex.org/W1564878416","https://openalex.org/W1577877742","https://openalex.org/W1582491190","https://openalex.org/W1633771733","https://openalex.org/W1772209851","https://openalex.org/W1846742003","https://openalex.org/W1868671693","https://openalex.org/W1974193567","https://openalex.org/W2011938319","https://openalex.org/W2023474332","https://openalex.org/W2029594649","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2042037135","https://openalex.org/W2068737686","https://openalex.org/W2071106922","https://openalex.org/W2077500904","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2085116970","https://openalex.org/W2096152098","https://openalex.org/W2104030221","https://openalex.org/W2104313393","https://openalex.org/W2112529578","https://openalex.org/W2112944817","https://openalex.org/W2132232128","https://openalex.org/W2135172365","https://openalex.org/W2138563491","https://openalex.org/W2147855950","https://openalex.org/W2155196057","https://openalex.org/W2160760396","https://openalex.org/W2160965633","https://openalex.org/W2166559705","https://openalex.org/W2171900240","https://openalex.org/W2412180000","https://openalex.org/W2596827116","https://openalex.org/W2600730724","https://openalex.org/W2786125017","https://openalex.org/W2951345672","https://openalex.org/W2952837147","https://openalex.org/W3089269909","https://openalex.org/W3193260960","https://openalex.org/W4234442730","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4290463755","https://openalex.org/W4293690910","https://openalex.org/W4386506836","https://openalex.org/W6603835163","https://openalex.org/W6605992788","https://openalex.org/W6631025736","https://openalex.org/W6636702202","https://openalex.org/W6637709589","https://openalex.org/W6638830915","https://openalex.org/W6643580962","https://openalex.org/W6657746141","https://openalex.org/W6661167387","https://openalex.org/W6668005335","https://openalex.org/W6679389703","https://openalex.org/W6837180614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015306306","https://openalex.org/W2028429940","https://openalex.org/W2732632690","https://openalex.org/W2363188691","https://openalex.org/W2765352056","https://openalex.org/W2075489301","https://openalex.org/W2464347310","https://openalex.org/W2223008607","https://openalex.org/W2375862234","https://openalex.org/W2612291616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ontology":[0],"learning":[1,135,139],"aims":[2],"at":[3],"reducing":[4],"the":[5,10,58,70,93,95,103,107,115],"time":[6],"and":[7,19,34,45,54,74,87,142],"efforts":[8],"in":[9],"ontology":[11,116],"development":[12],"process.":[13],"In":[14,37],"recent":[15],"years,":[16],"several":[17],"methods":[18,44,64],"tools":[20,47,133,137,144],"have":[21,41,65,77,127],"been":[22,66,78,102],"proposed":[23],"to":[24,69,110,124],"speed":[25],"up":[26,147],"this":[27,38],"process":[28],"using":[29],"different":[30,35],"sources":[31],"of":[32,106,114,131],"information":[33],"techniques.":[36],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,126],"reviewed":[42],"13":[43],"14":[46],"for":[48,97,134,138,145],"semi-automatically":[49],"building":[50,146],"ontologies":[51],"from":[52],"texts":[53],"their":[55],"relationships":[56],"with":[57,120],"techniques":[59,72],"each":[60,121],"method":[61],"follows.":[62],"The":[63],"grouped":[67],"according":[68],"main":[71,104],"followed":[73],"three":[75,129],"groups":[76],"identified:":[79],"one":[80,84,88],"based":[81],"on":[82,85,89],"linguistics,":[83],"statistics,":[86],"machine":[90],"learning.":[91],"Regarding":[92],"tools,":[94],"criterion":[96],"grouping":[98],"them,":[99],"which":[100],"has":[101],"aim":[105],"tool,":[108],"is":[109],"distinguish":[111],"what":[112],"elements":[113],"can":[117],"be":[118],"learned":[119],"tool.":[122],"According":[123],"this,":[125],"identified":[128],"kinds":[130],"tools:":[132],"relations,":[136],"new":[140],"concepts,":[141],"assisting":[143],"taxonomies.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
