{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111394378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888902000334","title":"Ontologies in the life sciences","display_name":"Ontologies in the life sciences","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111394378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888902000334","mag":"2111394378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888902000334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888902000334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035063111","display_name":"Robin McEntire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-8631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151147","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/049nnjd96","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188950975","https://openalex.org/I4210151147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156610","display_name":"GlaxoSmithKline (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/05atcw115","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188950975","https://openalex.org/I4210156610"]}],"countries":["ES","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"ROBIN McENTIRE","raw_affiliation_strings":["GlaxoSmithKline; e-mail:","GlaxoSmithKline"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline; e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151147","https://openalex.org/I4210156610"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GlaxoSmithKline","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156610"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035063111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151147","https://openalex.org/I4210156610"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10418566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"77","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.9628000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.589583694934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/idef5","display_name":"IDEF5","score":0.5592740774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5525458455085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5228143930435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.48784375190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-biomedical-ontologies","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","score":0.44624489545822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.43192368745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-components","display_name":"Ontology components","score":0.4122135639190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3324871063232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.2610677480697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25595980882644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.19810855388641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.1802482306957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13436242938041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-alignment","display_name":"Ontology alignment","score":0.08962064981460571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07524091005325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07310843467712402}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.589583694934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118248724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5969997","display_name":"IDEF5","level":4,"score":0.5592740774154663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5525458455085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5228143930435181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.48784375190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137982476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072326","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","level":5,"score":0.44624489545822144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43192368745803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154210476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095057","display_name":"Ontology components","level":5,"score":0.4122135639190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3324871063232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.2610677480697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25595980882644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.19810855388641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.1802482306957245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13436242938041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98893333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339878","display_name":"Ontology alignment","level":4,"score":0.08962064981460571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07524091005325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07310843467712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0269888902000334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0269888902000334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137506714","display_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","issn_l":"0269-8889","issn":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Knowledge Engineering Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45955907","https://openalex.org/W1548778571","https://openalex.org/W1982169430","https://openalex.org/W2103017472","https://openalex.org/W2115164315","https://openalex.org/W2160948978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942194862","https://openalex.org/W1801798365","https://openalex.org/W4290780032","https://openalex.org/W1506177826","https://openalex.org/W1494571806","https://openalex.org/W4206428734","https://openalex.org/W991275336","https://openalex.org/W1982540051","https://openalex.org/W2532736362","https://openalex.org/W2726617685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,8,19,26,36,46],"need":[4],"for":[5,25],"ontologies":[6,22,39],"in":[7,35],"life":[9,29],"sciences,":[10],"some":[11,32,44],"work":[12],"that":[13,48],"has":[14],"been":[15],"done":[16],"already":[17],"on":[18],"development":[20],"of":[21,28,45],"and":[23,43],"languages":[24],"exchange":[27],"sciences":[30],"objects,":[31],"important":[33],"problems":[34],"field":[37],"where":[38],"provide":[40],"critical":[41],"benefit":[42],"organisations":[47],"are":[49],"facilitating":[50],"this":[51],"work.":[52]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:05:33.558190","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}